【Linux】期末复习||scau实验整理||实验期末版精简版+解释

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已于 2022-05-26 21:45:35 修改

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分类专栏： linux scau 文章标签： linux 服务器运维

于 2022-05-14 23:44:04 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_51159944/article/details/124775241

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step by step.

！声明：本实验整理不完整且不完全按实验册题目，目的为期末考，带思考，不保证实验作业。

原创。

当前时间按照 -年-月-日时:分:秒的格式追加到work1.txt中

压缩生成文件

通过ls命令长格式查看log.tar.gz文件，追加到work1.txt中

追加myshare所有文件、子目录内容（长格式）至work2

修改文件拥有者并查看、追加

小插曲（移动目录，修改拥有者，修改用户，进入目录）

查找/开始的后缀名为.conf的所有（普通）文件并追加

ftp禁止匿名登录锁定登录用户目录不可进行目录切换

2. 统计每个ip出现的次数（通过run.log行数）

实验七

实验一

查看虚拟机IP信息

[root@localhost ~]# ip addr

显然ip地址为：192.168.178.130

重命名文件

[root@localhost ~]# vim exam1.txt --新建一个txt随便写入一点东西（Linuxexam1！）

[root@localhost ~]# mv exam1.txt /tmp/exam1.txt --移动并重命名

（图片不同，操作不同）

转换为unix格式

[root@localhost ~]# dos2unix tmp/work1.txt

vi打开文件，在第一行加入内容

O

添加“content...”

重定向追加内容

[root@localhost ~]# echo 12345 >> tmp/work1.txt --重定向内容至指定文件

查看追加情况：

内容追加

/etc/passwd的最后5行追加到work1.txt

[root@localhost ~]# tail -5 /etc/passwd >> tmp/work1.txt

搜索文件+追加

搜索 / 下所有 .xml 结尾的普通文件（-type f)

[root@localhost ~]# find / -name "*.xml" -type f

搜索路径中含usr的文件

[root@localhost ~]# find / -name "*.xml" -type f | grep usr --搜索并增加管道（usr）

搜索路径中含usr的文件追加到work1.txt中

[root@localhost ~]# find / -name "*.xml" -type f | grep usr >> tmp/work1.txt --追加到work1.txt中

当前时间按照 -年-月-日时:分:秒的格式追加到work1.txt中

[root@localhost ~]# date +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S' --查看当前时间（特殊格式）
2022-05-14 08:30:20
[root@localhost ~]# date +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S' >> tmp/work1.txt --重定向追加内容

压缩生成文件

[root@localhost ~]# tar zcvf log.tar.gz /var/log

通过ls命令长格式查看log.tar.gz文件，追加到work1.txt中

通过式ls命令长格查看log.tar.gz文件

[root@localhost ~]# ls -l log.tar.gz

追加到work1.txt中

[root@localhost ~]# ls -l log.tar.gz | awk '{print $1}' >> tmp/work1.txt

文件转换为windows格式

[root@localhost ~]# unix2dos tmp/work1.txt

实验二

[root@localhost ~]# ls -l tmp/myshare --查看是否存在（-l长格式打印）
ls: cannot access tmp/myshare: No such file or directory
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p tmp/myshare --新建目录（-p自动创建不存在子目录）
[root@localhost ~]# ls -l tmp/myshare
total 0

创建文件夹、文件

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p tmp/myshare/2022 --创建文件夹
[root@localhost ~]# touch tmp/myshare/work2.txt --touch改变文件时间记录、创建空文件

创建用户并指定uid（1024）

[root@localhost ~]# useradd -u 1024 test

查看文件信息并追加

查看文件信息

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/passwd /etc/shadow

追加信息

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/passwd /etc/shadow | grep test --增加管道

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/passwd /etc/shadow | grep test >> tmp/myshare/work2.txt --增加管道并重定向

指定行数内容追加

[root@localhost ~]# head -13 /etc/passwd >> tmp/myshare/work2.txt --追加前13行至work2

追加myshare所有文件、子目录内容（长格式）至work2

[root@localhost ~]# ls -lR tmp/myshare/ >> tmp/myshare/work2.txt

修改文件拥有者并查看、追加

修改文件拥有者并查看修改结果

[root@localhost ~]# chown -R test:mail tmp/myshare --‘修改后拥有者:组名(test:mail)’

追加并查看

[root@localhost ~]# ls -lR tmp/myshare/ >> tmp/myshare/work2.txt
[root@localhost ~]# tail tmp/myshare/work2.txt

小插曲（移动目录，修改拥有者，修改用户，进入目录）

[root@localhost ~]# mv tmp/myshare/ /tmp/myshare --修改为/tmp下文件（权限问题）
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R exm:mail /tmp/myshare --修改拥有者:组名
[root@localhost ~]# su exm --进入用户
[exm@localhost root]$ cd /tmp/myshare/2022 --进入目录

[exm@localhost 2022]$

进入用户

[root@localhost ~]# su exm --进入用户exm

进入目录新建、修改程序

[exm@localhost 2022]$ ls
[exm@localhost 2022]$ vi hello.sh

设置文件可读可写可执行权限并追加

设置文件权限

[exm@localhost 2022]$ chmod u=rwx,g=rx,o=x hello.sh --拥有者可读可写可执行(u=rwx)，同组可读可执行(g=rx)，其他人可执行(o=x)

[root@localhost ~]# ls -l test.sh
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 124 May 17 18:53 test.sh
[root@localhost ~]# chmod a=rwx test.sh --'a='设置全部权限都为rwx
[root@localhost ~]# ls -l test.sh
-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 124 May 17 18:53 test.sh

追加：

[exm@localhost 2022]$ ls -l hello.sh >> /tmp/myshare/work2.txt

执行脚本文件并追加

[exm@localhost 2022]$ ./hello.sh --执行
app start

hello Linux!

app end
[exm@localhost 2022]$ ./hello.sh >> /tmp/myshare/work2.txt

进入exm用户主目录

[exm@localhost 2022]$ cd ~ --~为用户主目录

创建软链接

[exm@localhost ~]$ ln -s /tmp/myshare/2022/hello.sh myhello.sh --创建软链接

拷贝文件且改名

[exm@localhost ~]$ cp /tmp/myshare/2022/hello.sh hello.sh.bak -拷贝至当前目录并改名为hello.sh.bak
[exm@localhost ~]$ ls -l --长格式查看

长格式查看所有（含隐藏）文件并追加

[root@localhost ~]# ls -al /home/exm

[root@localhost ~]# ls -al /home/exm >> /tmp/myshare/work2.txt

查找/开始的后缀名为.conf的所有（普通）文件并追加

[root@localhost ~]# find / -name "*.conf" -type f

寻找上一步中容量最大的文件并追加

先按容量排序

[root@localhost ~]# ls -lS `find / -name "*.conf" -type f` --单引号`括起上一部命令，再进行排序

再选取第一个（即容量最大的）

[root@localhost ~]# ls -lS `find / -name "*.conf" -type f` | head -1 --选取head第一个
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 153591 Oct 19 2020 /usr/src/kernels/3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64/include/config/auto.conf

追加

[root@localhost ~]# ls -lS `find / -name "*.conf" -type f` | head -1 >> /tmp/myshare/work2.txt

统计用户

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/passwd | wc -l --统计行数即用户数
47 --输出47即47个用户

转换格式

[root@localhost ~]# dos2unix /tmp/myshare/work2.txt

删除用户下目录

[root@localhost ~]# userdel -r exm --删除用户exm下所有目录文件

删除目录

[root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /tmp/myshare/ --删除myshare目录
[root@localhost ~]# ls -l /tmp/myshare --查看，果然没啦
ls: cannot access /tmp/myshare: No such file or directory

实验三

安装telnet

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/xinetd.d/
[root@localhost xinetd.d]# ls
chargen-dgram daytime-stream echo-dgram telnet vsftpd
chargen-stream discard-dgram echo-stream time-dgram
daytime-dgram discard-stream tcpmux-server time-stream

[root@localhost xinetd.d]# vi telnet

[root@localhost xinetd.d]# service xinetd restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart xinetd.service
[root@localhost xinetd.d]# cd ~

安装ftp服务器（standalone）

[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y vsftpd ftp

[root@localhost ~]# service vsftpd restart

创建a2022账号并设置好密码

[root@localhost ~]# useradd a2022
[root@localhost ~]# passwd a2022

sudoers中添加权限

[root@localhost ~]# ls -l /etc/sudoers --查看sudoers中的用户
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 4364 Apr 17 19:39 /etc/sudoers
[root@localhost ~]# chmod +w /etc/sudoers --添加w权限（请记住是+不是-）

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/sudoers
打开后添加信息

快捷查看 /root

添加用户信息：

进入用户并查看

[root@localhost ~]# su a2022
[a2022@localhost root]$ sudo cat /etc/shadow

成功！

查看telnet连接情况

[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --list |grep telnet
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --list |grep telnet >> /root/work3.txt

查看vsftpd配置文件信息

[root@localhost ~]# ps -ef | grep vsftpd

windows远程telnetlinux

打开windows的cmd（要通过‘控制面板’-程序与功能打开telnet、ftp）

出错原因：linux防火墙未关闭。

关闭linux防火墙

[root@localhost ~]# service firewalld stop

成功！

追加内容、修改权限

[a2022@localhost ~]$ sudo cp /root/work3.txt ~/tmp.txt --复制文件
[a2022@localhost ~]$ ls -l tmp.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 20 May 15 03:08 tmp.txt
[a2022@localhost ~]$ sudo chown a2022:a2022 tmp.txt --修改权限
[a2022@localhost ~]$ ls -l tmp.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 a2022 a2022 20 May 15 03:08 tmp.txt
[a2022@localhost ~]$ pwd >> tmp.txt
[a2022@localhost ~]$ date >> tmp.txt

[root@localhost ~]# ls -l test.sh
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 124 May 17 18:53 test.sh
[root@localhost ~]# chmod a=rwx test.sh --'a='设置全部权限都为rwx
[root@localhost ~]# ls -l test.sh
-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 124 May 17 18:53 test.sh

追加文件1、3、4栏内容至tmp.txt

[a2022@localhost ~]$ cat /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f1,3,4 >> tmp.txt

ftp禁止匿名登录锁定登录用户目录不可进行目录切换

annoymous_enable=NO

chroot_local_usere=YES 打开（去掉#）

allow_writeable_chroot=YES

实验三（课上）vi编辑器操作

生成out.txt

[root@localhost ~]# man ls > out.txt

vi编辑out.txt 显示行号

:set nu

vi编辑器光标移动

99G --跳到第99行

10l --右移10字符

gg --移动到首行

vi编辑器搜索

/1024 --搜索’1024‘

vi编辑器修改

:50,100 s/o/O/g --50至100行o修改成O 'g'：全局

恢复修改

u

复制65到73之间内容粘贴到最后一行

65G

9yy --复制9行

G

p --粘贴

删除21到42行内容

:21,42 d

另存

:w out.txt.bak --另存为out.txt.bak

插入内容

28G --定位28行

3dw --删除3个word

gg --定位到首行

实验五

#!/bin/bash
options_show(){
        echo "Use one of the following options:"
        echo "P:To display current directory"
        echo "S:To display the name of running file"
        echo "D:To display today's date and present time"
        echo "L:To see the list of files in your present working directory"
        echo "W:To see who is logged in"
        echo "I:To see the ip address of this local machine"
        echo "Q:To quit this program"
        echo "Enter your option and hit:"
}

while true
do
        options_show
        read input
        case ${input} in
        p|P)
         'pwd'
         ;;
        s|S)
         echo $0
         ;;
        d|D)
         date +"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S" 
         ;;
        l|L)
         ls
         ;;
        w|W)
         who
         ;;
        i|I)
         ifconfig
         ;;
        q|Q)
         exit
         ;;
         *)
         echo "usage error!"
         ;;
        esac
done
options_show
done

增加执行权限

[root@localhost ~]# chmod +x *.sh

执行sh文件

[root@localhost ~]# ./menu.sh --执行menu.sh
Use one of the following options:
P:To display current directory
S:To display the name of running file
D:To display today's date and present time
L:To see the list of files in your present working directory
W:To see who is logged in
I:To see the ip address of this local machine
Q:To quit this program
Enter your option and hit:
p
/root

Use one of the following options:
P:To display current directory
S:To display the name of running file
D:To display today's date and present time
L:To see the list of files in your present working directory
W:To see who is logged in
I:To see the ip address of this local machine
Q:To quit this program
Enter your option and hit:
s
./menu.sh
Use one of the following options:
P:To display current directory
S:To display the name of running file
D:To display today's date and present time
L:To see the list of files in your present working directory
W:To see who is logged in
I:To see the ip address of this local machine
Q:To quit this program
Enter your option and hit:
d
2022-05-15 06:45:33

Use one of the following options:
P:To display current directory
S:To display the name of running file
D:To display today's date and present time
L:To see the list of files in your present working directory
W:To see who is logged in
I:To see the ip address of this local machine
Q:To quit this program
Enter your option and hit:
l
1.sh       exam2.txt hello.s   program.sh say_hello.o   tmp
201925320219.tar exam3.txt log.sh   Public   score.sh   tmp.txt
201925320219.zip file.sh log.tar.gz run1.sh   sum       tool1
4.sh       ftp.sh menu.sh   run2.sh   sum.c   tool2
anaconda-ks.cfg hello Music   run3.sh   sum.i   var
Desktop       hello.c original-ks.cfg run4.sh   sum.o   Videos
Documents   hello.i out.txt   say_hello.c Templates   work3.txt
Downloads   hello.o Pictures   say_hello.h test
Use one of the following options:
P:To display current directory
S:To display the name of running file
D:To display today's date and present time
L:To see the list of files in your present working directory
W:To see who is logged in
I:To see the ip address of this local machine
Q:To quit this program
Enter your option and hit:
w
root :0 2022-05-15 06:24 (:0)
root pts/0 2022-05-15 06:25 (:0)

Use one of the following options:
P:To display current directory
S:To display the name of running file
D:To display today's date and present time
L:To see the list of files in your present working directory
W:To see who is logged in
I:To see the ip address of this local machine
Q:To quit this program
Enter your option and hit:
i
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.178.130 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.178.255
inet6 fe80::b507:8c64:3e97:76c prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:06:e0:ca txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 693 bytes 62281 (60.8 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 237 bytes 23378 (22.8 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 64 bytes 5568 (5.4 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 64 bytes 5568 (5.4 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.122.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.122.255
ether 52:54:00:e5:b3:0e txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

Use one of the following options:
P:To display current directory
S:To display the name of running file
D:To display today's date and present time
L:To see the list of files in your present working directory
W:To see who is logged in
I:To see the ip address of this local machine
Q:To quit this program
Enter your option and hit:
q

#!/bin/bash
while true
do
        read score
        if[ $score -lt 0 ];then
         exit
        elif[ $score -lt 60 ];then
         echo "Failed"
        elif[ $score -lt 70 ];then
         echo "Passed"
        elif[ $score -lt 80 ];then
         echo "Medium"
        elif[ $score -lt 90 ];then
         echo "Good"
        elif[ $score -le 100];then
         echo"Excellent"
        else
         echo"input error!"
        fi
done

  1 #!/bin/bash
  2 while true
  3 do
  4         echo -e "input a directory:"
  5         read dir
  6         if [ $dir = "q" ];then
  7                 exit
  8         elif [ -e $dir -a -d $dir ];then
  9                 for file in `ls $dir`
 10                         do
 11                                 if [! -e "$dir$file" ];then
 12                                         dd="$dir/$file"
 13                                 else
 14                                         dd="$dir$file"
 15                                 fi
 16                   type=`ls -ld $dd | cut -c1`
 17                                 echo "${dd}_${type}"
 18                   done
 19         else
 20                 echo "$dir is not a directory"
 21         fi
 22         echo -e
 23 done

[root@localhost ~]# ./file.sh --执行
input a directory:
/etc
./file.sh: line 11: [!: command not found
ls: cannot access /etcabrt: No such file or directory
/etcabrt_

input a directory:
/etc_d
/etc_d is not a directory

input a directory:
/etc/passwd_
/etc/passwd_ is not a directory

  1 #!/bin/bash
  2 yum install -y vsftpd
  3 setenforce 0
  4 sed -i 's?anoymous_enable=YES?anonymous_enable=NO?' /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
  5 service vsftpd start

[root@localhost ~]# ./ftp.sh
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
* updates: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
Package vsftpd-3.0.2-29.el7_9.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Nothing to do
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start vsftpd.service
Job for vsftpd.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status vsftpd.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.

实验六

1. 根据输入循环执行输出

编写⼀段bash shell程序，保存为 program.sh 完成以下输出，可循环执行：

please，input a number:

5(回⻋)

5 4 3 2 1

4 3 2 1

3 2 1

2 1

!/bin/bash
echo "please, input a number:"
read num
while [ $num -gt 0 ]
do
        i=$num
        while [ $i -gt 0 ]
        do      
                echo -n "$i  "
                i=`expr $i - 1`
        done
        echo -e 
        let num=$num-1
done

注意一些空格的地方！

2. 统计每个ip出现的次数（通过run.log行数）

run.log是⼀个具有固定格式的⽇志⽂件。每⼀⾏的格式为： ip[]time[]runner[]command[]result ，其中[]表示空格，ip格式为点分⼗进制表示法。

编写⼀个名为log.sh的shell脚本统计每个ip出现的次数。例⼦：

10.10.10.1[]32

10.10.10.2[]2

10.10.10.3[]5

#!/bin/bash
ips=`cat run.log | awk '{print $1}' | sort -u`
for ip in ${ips}
do
        count=`cat run.log | grep ${ip} | wc -l`
        echo -e ${ip} ${count}
done