类的运算符、输入输出 -- 重载；虚函数

期末复习，做纪念

以复数类为例

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class Base{
public:
    virtual void display()=0;
};
class Complex:public Base{
private:
    double *real=new double;
    double *image=new double;
    int id=1;
public:
    Complex(){}
    Complex(double r,double i){
        *real=r;
        *image=i;
        cout<<"构造函数"<<endl;
    }
    Complex(Complex& c1){
        real=new double;
        image=new double;
        *real=*c1.real;
        *image=*c1.image;
    }
    Complex operator =(const Complex&c1);
    Complex operator +(const Complex&c1);
    Complex operator -(const Complex&c1);
    friend istream& operator >>(istream& input,const Complex&c1);
    friend ostream& operator <<(ostream& output,const Complex&c1);
    Complex& operator ++();
    Complex  operator ++(int );
    friend Complex& operator --(Complex& c1);
    friend Complex  operator --(Complex& c1,int );
    void display(){
        cout<<id<<" ** "<<endl;
    }
    
    ~Complex(){
        delete real;
        delete image;
        cout<<"destruct"<<endl;
    }
};
class son:public Complex{
private:
    int id=2;
public:
    void display(){
        cout<<id<<" *** "<<endl;
    }
};


Complex Complex:: operator =(const Complex&c1){
    *real=*c1.real;
    *image=*c1.image;
    return *this;
}
Complex Complex:: operator +(const Complex&c1){
    Complex temp(0,0);
    *temp.real=*real+*c1.real;
    *temp.image=*image+*c1.image;
    return temp;
}
Complex Complex:: operator -(const Complex&c1){
    Complex temp(0,0);
    *temp.real=*real-*c1.real;
    *temp.image=*image-*c1.image;
    return temp;
}
istream& operator >>(istream& input,const Complex&c1){
    input>>*c1.real;input>>*c1.image;
    return input;
}
ostream& operator <<(ostream& output,const Complex&c1){
    output<<"("<<*c1.real<<","<<*c1.image<<")"<<endl;
    return output;
}
Complex& Complex:: operator ++(){
    (*real)++;
    return *this;
}
Complex Complex:: operator ++(int ){
    Complex c1(*this);
    (*real)++;
    return c1;
}
Complex& operator --(Complex& c1){
    (c1.real)--;
    return c1;
}
Complex  operator --(Complex& c1,int ){
    Complex c2(c1);
    (c1.real)--;
    return c2;
}

int main(){
    Complex c1(1,1);
    Complex c2(2,2);
    cout<<c1+c2;
    cout<<c1;
    
    Base *a=new Complex(1,1);
    a->display();
    a=new son;
    a->display();
    return 0;
}