C语言——指针

tntlbb

于 2023-11-02 17:40:30 发布

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文章标签： c语言开发语言

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_51409218/article/details/134187903

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1.指针的定义

指针就是地址

2.指针的大小

#include"stdio.h"
#include"windows.h"
void main()
{
	char* c;
	int* a;
	long* b;
    long long* l;
	printf("char*:%d\nint*:%d\nlong*:%d\nlong long*:%d\n", sizeof(c), sizeof(a), sizeof(b),sizeof(l));
}

指针的大小都是4字节

3.指针的运算

每种类型指针的加减对应其类型的长度

#include "stdio.h"

void function() {
    char* a;
    short* b;
    int* c;
    a = (char*)1;
    b = (short*)2;
    c = (int*)3;

    a++;
    b++;
    c++;

    printf("a:%d\t b:%d\tc:%d\n", a, b, c);

}

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    function();
    return 0;
}

4.同类型指针的相减操作

#include"stdio.h"
void function() {
    char* a;
    char* b;
    short* c;
    short* d;
    int* e;
    int* f;

    a = (char*)200;
    b = (char*)100;

    c = (short*)200;
    d = (short*)100;

    e = (int*)200;
    f = (int*)100;

    printf("%d\n", a - b);
    printf("%d\n", c - d);
    printf("%d\n", e - f);

}
int main()
{
    function();
    return 0;
}

不同类型的数据指针做完减法的的结果不同，那减完的这个值代表的是中间有几个相同的数据类型

char*: (200-100)/1=100

short*:(200-100)/2=50

int*:(200-100)/4=25

5.获取变量的数据类型

头文件中需包含#include<typeinfo>

#include<stdio.h>
#include<typeinfo>

int main()
{
	char*** a;
	printf("%s\n", typeid(a).name());
	return 0;
}

6.取变量地址

在变量前加一个&符号来取变量地址

取用全局变量的地址

#include "stdio.h"
#include <typeinfo>
//为了方便观察地址 先声明为全局变量
int a;
void function() {
    a = 610;
    int* b = &a;
    printf("%x\n", b);
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    function();
    return 0;
}

对应的汇编代码为

    function();
00241040  push        offset a (0243374h)  
00241045  push        offset string "%x\n" (0242100h)  
0024104A  mov         dword ptr [a (0243374h)],262h  
00241054  call        printf (0241010h)  
00241059  add         esp,8

可以看到全局变量有固定的地址0x0243374h

取用局部变量的地址

#include "stdio.h"
#include <typeinfo>
void function() {
    //这里a声明为局部变量
    int a = 610;
    int* b = &a;
    printf("%x\n", b);
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    function();
    return 0;
}

对应的汇编语句为

    function();
00101050  lea         eax,[ebp-8]  
00101053  mov         dword ptr [ebp-8],262h  
0010105A  push        eax  
0010105B  push        offset string "%x\n" (0102100h)  
00101060  call        printf (0101010h)

可以看到局部变量是在堆栈上进行传递的

7.取地址中存放的数据

在地址之前加上【*】符号，就能获取改地址处存储的数据

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <typeinfo>
int a;
void function(){
        a=610;
        int* b=&a;
        int** c=&b;
        int*** d=&c;
        c=*d;
        b=*c;
        a=*b;

    b=**d;
    a=**c;   

    a=***d;
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
        function();
        return 0;
}

对应的反汇编代码

11:       a=610;
00401038   mov         dword ptr [a (00427c50)],262h
12:       int* b=&a;
00401042   mov         dword ptr [ebp-4],offset a (00427c50)
13:       int** c=&b;
00401049   lea         eax,[ebp-4]
0040104C   mov         dword ptr [ebp-8],eax
14:       int*** d=&c;
0040104F   lea         ecx,[ebp-8]
00401052   mov         dword ptr [ebp-0Ch],ecx
15:       c=*d;
00401055   mov         edx,dword ptr [ebp-0Ch]
00401058   mov         eax,dword ptr [edx]
0040105A   mov         dword ptr [ebp-8],eax
16:       b=*c;
0040105D   mov         ecx,dword ptr [ebp-8]
00401060   mov         edx,dword ptr [ecx]
00401062   mov         dword ptr [ebp-4],edx
17:       a=*b;
00401065   mov         eax,dword ptr [ebp-4]
00401068   mov         ecx,dword ptr [eax]
0040106A   mov         dword ptr [a (00427c50)],ecx
18:
19:       b=**d;
00401070   mov         edx,dword ptr [ebp-0Ch]
00401073   mov         eax,dword ptr [edx]
00401075   mov         ecx,dword ptr [eax]
00401077   mov         dword ptr [ebp-4],ecx
20:       a=**c;
0040107A   mov         edx,dword ptr [ebp-8]
0040107D   mov         eax,dword ptr [edx]
0040107F   mov         ecx,dword ptr [eax]
00401081   mov         dword ptr [a (00427c50)],ecx
21:
22:       a=***d;
00401087   mov         edx,dword ptr [ebp-0Ch]
0040108A   mov         eax,dword ptr [edx]
0040108C   mov         ecx,dword ptr [eax]
0040108E   mov         edx,dword ptr [ecx]
00401090   mov         dword ptr [a (00427c50)],edx