SpringMVC 实现文件上传
文件上传的必要前提:
1、form表单的enctype取值必须是:multipart/form-data(enctype:是表单请求正文的类型)
2、method的属性取值必须是Post
3、提供一个文件选择域 <input type=“ file ”/>
文件上传的原理分析:
当form表单的enctype取值不是默认值之后,request.getParameter( ) 将失效
enctype = “application/x-www-from-urlencoded”(即默认值)时,form表单的正文内容是:
key = value&key = value&key = value
当form表单的enctype取值为 multipart/form-data 时,请求正文的内容就变成
每一部分都是MIME类型描述的正文
================================7de1a433602ac 分界符
Content- Disposition:form-data;name=“userName” 协议头
aaaa 协议正文
================================7de1a433602ac 分界符
Content- Disposition : form-data ; name = “file”;filename = “C:\xxx\xxx\b.txt”
Content-Type:text/plain 协议类型(MIME类型)
bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
================================7de1a433602ac
借助第三方组件实现文件上传: commons-fileupload-x.x.x.jar、commons-io-x.x.jar
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
<version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-io</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
<version>2.4</version>
</dependency>
传统方式文件上传
<body>
<h3>文件上传</h3>
<form action="user/fileupload1" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
选择文件:<input type="file" name="upload"/><br/>
<input type="submit" value="上传">
</form>
</body>
@RequestMapping("/fileupload1")
public String fileupload1(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
System.out.println("文件上传...");
//使用fileupload组件完成文件上传
//上传的位置
String path = request.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/uploads");
System.out.println(path);
//判断该路径是否存在
File file = new File(path);
if (!file.exists()) {
//创建文件夹
file.mkdirs();
}
//解析request对象,获取上传文件项
DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory();
ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory);
//解析request
List<FileItem> items = upload.parseRequest(request);
//遍历
for (FileItem item : items) {
//进行判断,当前item对象是否是上传文件项
if (item.isFormField()) {
//普通的表单项
} else {
//说明上传文件项
//获取上传文件的名称
String filename = item.getName();
//把文件的名称设置唯一值,uuid
String uuid = UUID.randomUUID().toString().replace("-","");
filename = uuid+"_"+filename;
//完成文件上传
item.write(new File(path, filename));
//删除临时文件
item.delete();
}
}
return "success";
}
SpringMVC上传文件原理
<h3>Springmvc文件上传</h3>
<form action="user/fileupload2" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
选择文件:<input type="file" name="upload"/><br/>
<input type="submit" value="上传">
</form>
<!--配置文件解析器对象-->
<bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
<!--最大上传文件的大小 字节数-->
<property name="maxUploadSize" value="10485760"/>
</bean>
@RequestMapping("/fileupload2")
public String fileupload2(HttpServletRequest request, MultipartFile upload) throws Exception {
System.out.println("文件上传...");
//使用fileupload组件完成文件上传
//上传的位置
String path = request.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/uploads");
System.out.println(path);
//判断该路径是否存在
File file = new File(path);
if (!file.exists()) {
//创建文件夹
file.mkdirs();
}
//说明上传文件项
//获取上传文件的名称
String filename = upload.getOriginalFilename();
//把文件的名称设置唯一值,uuid
String uuid = UUID.randomUUID().toString().replace("-", "");
filename = uuid + "_" + filename;
//完成文件上传
upload.transferTo(new File(path, filename));
return "success";
}