学生信息管理系统——python

功能描述：

1. 添加学生：输入学生ID、姓名、年龄，初始化成绩为0。
2. 删除学生：根据学生ID删除学生信息。
3. 更新学生：可以更新学生的姓名、年龄及成绩。
4. 查看学生：查看所有学生的信息，包括基本信息和成绩。
5. 按总分排序：根据学生的总分进行排序，并显示排序后的学生信息。实现录入三门课语、数、英的成绩信息，总分及平均分，并根据名次排名。
6. 退出：退出系统并保存数据到students.json文件中。

系统在启动时会从students.json文件中读取学生数据，在添加、删除或更新学生信息后会自动保存数据。

完整代码：

import json

class Student:
    def __init__(self, student_id, name, age):
        self.student_id = student_id
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
        self.grades = {"语文": 0, "数学": 0, "英语": 0}
        self.total = 0
        self.average = 0

    def update_grades(self, grades):
        self.grades.update(grades)
        self.calculate_total_and_average()

    def calculate_total_and_average(self):
        self.total = sum(self.grades.values())
        self.average = self.total / len(self.grades)

    def to_dict(self):
        return {
            "student_id": self.student_id,
            "name": self.name,
            "age": self.age,
            "grades": self.grades,
            "total": self.total,
            "average": self.average
        }

    @classmethod
    def from_dict(cls, data):
        student = cls(data['student_id'], data['name'], data['age'])
        student.grades = data['grades']
        student.total = data['total']
        student.average = data['average']
        return student

class StudentManagementSystem:
    def __init__(self, filename='students.json'):
        self.filename = filename
        self.students = self.load_students()

    def add_student(self, student):
        self.students.append(student)
        self.save_students()

    def delete_student(self, student_id):
        self.students = [s for s in self.students if s.student_id != student_id]
        self.save_students()

    def update_student(self, student_id, name=None, age=None, grades=None):
        for student in self.students:
            if student.student_id == student_id:
                if name:
                    student.name = name
                if age:
                    student.age = age
                if grades:
                    student.update_grades(grades)
        self.save_students()

    def view_students(self):
        return self.students

    def sort_students_by_total(self):
        self.students.sort(key=lambda x: x.total, reverse=True)

    def save_students(self):
        with open(self.filename, 'w') as f:
            json.dump([s.to_dict() for s in self.students], f, indent=4)

    def load_students(self):
        try:
            with open(self.filename, 'r') as f:
                return [Student.from_dict(data) for data in json.load(f)]
        except FileNotFoundError:
            return []

def main():
    sms = StudentManagementSystem()
    print('--------------------------------')
    print('        欢迎来到学生信息管理系统       ')
    print('-------------------------------')
    while True:
        print("\n1. 添加学生")
        print("2. 删除学生")
        print("3. 更新学生")
        print("4. 查看学生")
        print("5. 按总分排序学生")
        print("6. 退出")
        
        choice = input("请输入你的选择: ")
        
        if choice == '1':
            student_id = int(input("请输入学生ID: "))
            name = input("请输入学生姓名: ")
            age = int(input("请输入学生年龄: "))
            sms.add_student(Student(student_id, name, age))
        elif choice == '2':
            student_id = int(input("请输入要删除的学生ID: "))
            sms.delete_student(student_id)
        elif choice == '3':
            student_id = int(input("请输入要更新的学生ID: "))
            name = input("请输入新的学生姓名 (留空则不更新): ")
            age = input("请输入新的学生年龄 (留空则不更新): ")
            age = int(age) if age else None
            grades = {}
            while True:
                subject = input("请输入要更新的学科名 (语文/数学/英语, 输入 'done' 完成): ")
                if subject.lower() == 'done':
                    break
                grade = input(f"请输入 {subject} 的新成绩 (留空则不更新): ")
                if grade:
                    grades[subject] = float(grade)
            sms.update_student(student_id, name if name else None, age, grades)
        elif choice == '4':
            students = sms.view_students()
            for student in students:
                grades_str = ", ".join([f"{subject}: {grade}" for subject, grade in student.grades.items()])
                print(f"ID: {student.student_id}, Name: {student.name}, Age: {student.age}, Grades: {grades_str}, Total: {student.total}, Average: {student.average:.2f}")
        elif choice == '5':
            sms.sort_students_by_total()
            print("学生已按总分排序。")
            students = sms.view_students()
            for student in students:
                grades_str = ", ".join([f"{subject}: {grade}" for subject, grade in student.grades.items()])
                print(f"ID: {student.student_id}, Name: {student.name}, Age: {student.age}, Grades: {grades_str}, Total: {student.total}, Average: {student.average:.2f}")
        elif choice == '6':
            break
        else:
            print("无效的选择，请重新输入。")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

续上一篇学生成绩管理系统——python-CSDN博客