设计模式--观察者模式

 1 框架

2 定义

定义： 定义一种一对多的关系。当一个对象（目标对象-主题）状态发生变化的时候，通知多个对象（观察者）。

优点：

降低了目标对象与观察者直接的耦合关系，属于抽象耦合。

缺点：

可能会有过多的观察者，通知较慢？？？？？

3 CODE

背景：定义两个观察者去更新显示歌曲的图片和歌词信息。

#pragma once
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

class Observer;

struct MusicInfo
{
	string lyric;
	string img;
};

class Subject
{
public:
	Subject() = default;
	virtual ~Subject() = default;

	virtual void addObserver(Observer* ob) = 0;
	virtual void removeObserver(Observer* ob) = 0;
	virtual void notify() = 0;
};

class Observer
{
public:
	Observer() = default;
	virtual ~Observer() = default;

	virtual void update(const MusicInfo& info) = 0;
};

class Music : public Subject
{
public:
	Music() = default;
	~Music() override
	{
		for (auto i : m_observers)
		{
			delete i;
		}
	};

	virtual void addObserver(Observer* ob) override
	{
		m_observers.push_back(ob);
	}
	virtual void removeObserver(Observer* ob) override
	{
		auto it = find(m_observers.begin(), m_observers.end(), ob);
		if (it != m_observers.end())
			m_observers.erase(it);
	}
	virtual void notify() override
	{
		for (auto& ob : m_observers)
		{
			ob->update(m_info);
		}
	}

	void setMusicInfo(const MusicInfo& info)
	{
		m_info = info;
		notify();
	}
private:
	vector<Observer*> m_observers;
	MusicInfo m_info;
};


class Qlabel1 : public Observer
{
public:
	virtual void update(const MusicInfo& info) override
	{
		this->text = info.lyric;
		cout << "qlabel1 text -- " << this->text << endl;
	}

private:
	string text;
};

class Qlabel2 : public Observer
{
public:
	virtual void update(const MusicInfo& info) override
	{
		this->img = info.img;
		cout << "qlabel2 img -- " << this->img << endl;
	}

private:
	string img;
};

#include <iostream>
#include "observer.h"

int main()
{
	Music* music = new Music();
	Qlabel1* l1 = new Qlabel1();
	Qlabel2* l2 = new Qlabel2();

	music->addObserver(l1);
	music->addObserver(l2);

	MusicInfo info;
	info.img = "img1";
	info.lyric = "lyric1";

	music->setMusicInfo(info);

	info.img = "img2";
	info.lyric = "lyric2";

	music->setMusicInfo(info);
}

测试输出结果为：

当歌曲信息改变的时候，歌曲对象（目标对象）成功自动通知到两个label观察者

4 UML