Docker 学习2

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-19 18:08:18 发布

zlxwl20150611

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-19 18:08:18 发布

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文章标签： docker 容器运维

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_51941657/article/details/122055545

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十一、日志、元数据、进程的查看

1、其他常用命令

[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker logs --help

Usage:  docker logs [OPTIONS] CONTAINER

Fetch the logs of a container

Options:
      --details        Show extra details provided to logs
  -f, --follow         Follow log output
      --since string   Show logs since timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37Z) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)
  -n, --tail string    Number of lines to show from the end of the logs (default "all")
  -t, --timestamps     Show timestamps
      --until string   Show logs before a timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37Z) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)

查询日志常用：
docker logs -tf 容器id
docker logs --tail number 容器id #num为要显示的日志条数


#docker容器后台运行，必须要有一个前台的进程，否则会自动停止
#编写shell脚本循环执行，使得centos容器保持运行状态
”[[e[31docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo hi;sleep 5;done"
3f9b81982653be64fbad8995c981107ec5481102666cfcc992e73b03b80bdb9b
”[[e[31docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
3f9b81982653   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   35 seconds ago   Up 32 seconds             gifted_shaw
”[[e[31docker logs --tail 20 3f9b81982653 
hi
hi
hi
hi
hi
hi
hi
hi
hi
hi
hi
hi
hi
hi

查看容器中进程信息

                                              容器id
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker top c703b5b1911f
                                        进程id
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                11156               11135               0                   11:31               ?                   00:00:00            /bin/sh -c while true;do echo hi;sleep 5;done
root                11886               11156               0                   11:43               ?                   00:00:00            /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 5

查看容器的元数据

[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker inspect 容器id

十二、进入容器的命令和拷贝命令

1、进入当前正在运行的容器
因为通常我们的容器都是使用后台方式来运行的，有时需要进入容器修改配置

方式一：

[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker exec -it c703b5b1911f /bin/bash
[root@c703b5b1911f /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@c703b5b1911f /]# ps -ef      
UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root         1     0  0 03:31 ?        00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo hi;sleep 5;done
root       279     0  0 03:54 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root       315     1  0 03:56 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 5
root       316   279  0 03:56 pts/0    00:00:00 ps -ef

方式二：

[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker attach c703b5b1911f

docker exec 进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作

docker attach 进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程
2、拷贝操作

#拷贝容器的文件到主机中
docker cp 容器id:容器内路径  目的主机路径

#拷贝宿主机的文件到容器中
docker cp 目的主机路径 容器id:容器内路径

[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker exec -it c703b5b1911f /bin/bash
[root@c703b5b1911f /]# cd home
[root@c703b5b1911f home]# ls
#touch 新建文件
[root@c703b5b1911f home]# touch test.java
[root@c703b5b1911f home]# ls
test.java
[root@c703b5b1911f home]# exit
exit
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
c703b5b1911f   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   35 minutes ago   Up 35 minutes             pedantic_banach
将容器的文件拷到主机上
”[[e[31docker cp adf2eb122d14:/a.java /home/zl
”[[e[31ls
a.c  a.java  a.out  Desktop  Documents  Downloads  Music  Pictures  Public  ssl  Templates  Videos

十三、常用命令小结

在这里插入图片描述

十四、部署nginx

Docker安装nginx
#1、搜索镜像 search 建议云docker搜索，可以看到帮助文档
#2、拉取镜像 pull
#3、运行

          后台运行  给容器起名字         暴露端口： 8081（宿主机）外部 80内部    开启的镜像
docker run -d      --name nginx01      -p 8081:80                              nginx

#4、测试8081端口

”[[e[31curl localhost:8081
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
html { color-scheme: light dark; }
body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>

端口暴露的概念如图
在这里插入图片描述
进入nginx容器

				进入nginx容器命令
                  docker exec -it nginx01 /bin/bash
root@28d548b4b86d:/# whereis nginx
nginx: /usr/sbin/nginx /usr/lib/nginx /etc/nginx /usr/share/nginx
root@28d548b4b86d:/# cd /usr/share/
root@28d548b4b86d:/usr/share# ls
X11	    base-passwd      ca-certificates  debianutils  doc-base    fonts  info	libc-bin  man	      misc   pam-configs  polkit-1	  tabset    xml
adduser     bash-completion  common-licenses  dict	   dpkg        gcc    java	lintian   maven-repo  nginx  perl5	  readline	  terminfo  zoneinfo
base-files  bug		     debconf	      doc	   fontconfig  gdb    keyrings	locale	  menu	      pam    pixmaps	  sensible-utils  ucf	    zsh
root@28d548b4b86d:/usr/share# cd nginx/
root@28d548b4b86d:/usr/share/nginx# ls
html
root@28d548b4b86d:/usr/share/nginx# cd /etc/nginx/
root@28d548b4b86d:/etc/nginx# ls
conf.d	fastcgi_params	mime.types  modules  nginx.conf  scgi_params  uwsgi_params

十五、部署tomcat

#官方的使用：
docker run -it --rm tomcat:9.0
#我们之前的启动都是后台，停止了容器之后，容器还是可以查到；docker run -it --rm  一般用来测试，用完就删除

我们还是老老实实的先下载再使用：

先下载
docker pull tomcat  //下载最新版本，无指定版本
启动运行
  后台运行  给容器起名字         暴露端口： 8082（宿主机）外部 8080内部    开启的镜像
docker run -d      --name tomcat01      -p 8082:8080                              tomcat

测试访问没有问题

进入容器

 docker exec -it tomcat01 /bin/bash
#发现问题，1、Linux命令少了  2、没有webapps   阿里云镜像的原因，默认是最小镜像，所有不必要都剔除了。
#保证最小可运行的环境

十六、部署ES+kibana

#es 1 暴露的端口多；2、十分耗内存；3、其数据一般要放置在安全目录，挂载！

#启动elasticsearch
--net somenetwork  网络配置

docker run -d --name elasticsearch  -p 9200:9200 -p 9300:9300 -e "discovery.type=single-node" elasticsearch:7.16.2
#启动了  elasticsearch  Linux服务器非常卡  docker stats 容器id  #查看cpu 的状态

在这里插入图片描述
网络如何连接ES和kibana

十七、图形化管理工具Portaniner安装

Portaniner是Docker的图形化管理工具，类似的工具还有Rancher(CI/CD再用)

下载运行Portaniner镜像并运行，设置本机映射端口为8088

[root@localhost conf]# docker run -d -p 8088:9000 --restart=always -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock --privileged=true portainer/portainer
Unable to find image 'portainer/portainer:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from portainer/portainer
94cfa856b2b1: Pull complete
49d59ee0881a: Pull complete
a2300fd28637: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:fb45b43738646048a0a0cc74fcee2865b69efde857e710126084ee5de9be0f3f
Status: Downloaded newer image for portainer/portainer:latest
8c525a0137be22965bd1e3944da622a2c4248f8ad20883f4b3ea4f8a6b11e163
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                 COMMAND        CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                    NAMES
7789d4505a00   portainer/portainer   "/portainer"   6 seconds ago   Up 5 seconds   0.0.0.0:8088->9000/tcp   quirky_sinoussi

第一次登录设置admin用户的密码
在这里插入图片描述
如果是阿里云服务器记得设置安全组，选择连接本地的Docker,整体界面预览如下图：

十八、Docker镜像详解
什么是镜像
镜像是一种轻量级、可执行的独立软件包，用来打包软件运行环境和基于运行环境开发的软件，它包含运行某个软件所需要的所有内容，包括代码，运行时（一个程序在运行或者在被执行的依赖）、库，环境变量和配置文件。
所有的应用，直接打包docker镜像，就可以直接跑起来！
如何得到镜像：
~从远程仓库下载
~朋友拷贝给你
~自己制作一个镜像 DockerFile
Docker镜像加载原理
Docker的镜像实际上由一层一层的文件系统组成，这种层级的文件系统是UnionFS联合文件系统。
在这里插入图片描述

十九、镜像原理之分层理解

在这里插入图片描述

”[[e[31docker image inspect tomcat
[
    {
        "Id": "sha256:24207ccc9cce2cb6473cec77e1ec441a7b4e6d0579f4e361899fecfc1019189f",
        "RepoTags": [
            "tomcat:latest"
        ],
        "RepoDigests": [
            "tomcat@sha256:429d5c140820d5eba38042823501d5f4e0f03b282133513e29c22d6358daa7c7"
        ],
        "Parent": "",
        "Comment": "",
        "Created": "2021-12-08T20:54:01.992194711Z",
        "Container": "cee929412d451a4b42b0588a7445254f0f7ac6ea31449b0b53d78d304aeaaaed",
        "ContainerConfig": {
            "Hostname": "cee929412d45",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "ExposedPorts": {
                "8080/tcp": {}
            },
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/tomcat/bin:/usr/local/openjdk-11/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
                "JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/openjdk-11",
                "LANG=C.UTF-8",
                "JAVA_VERSION=11.0.13",
                "CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat",
                "TOMCAT_NATIVE_LIBDIR=/usr/local/tomcat/native-jni-lib",
                "LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/tomcat/native-jni-lib",
                "GPG_KEYS=A9C5DF4D22E99998D9875A5110C01C5A2F6059E7",
                "TOMCAT_MAJOR=10",
                "TOMCAT_VERSION=10.0.14",
                "TOMCAT_SHA512=c2d2ad5ed17f7284e3aac5415774a8ef35434f14dbd9a87bc7230d8bfdbe9aa1258b97a59fa5c4030e4c973e4d93d29d20e40b6254347dbb66fae269ff4a61a5"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/sh",
                "-c",
                "#(nop) ",
                "CMD [\"catalina.sh\" \"run\"]"
            ],
            "Image": "sha256:3ec35f87b705ec6465c19cfdea07add49c534eb0223513bea902f73c87586411",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "/usr/local/tomcat",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {}
        },
        "DockerVersion": "20.10.7",
        "Author": "",
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "ExposedPorts": {
                "8080/tcp": {}
            },
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/tomcat/bin:/usr/local/openjdk-11/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
                "JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/openjdk-11",
                "LANG=C.UTF-8",
                "JAVA_VERSION=11.0.13",
                "CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat",
                "TOMCAT_NATIVE_LIBDIR=/usr/local/tomcat/native-jni-lib",
                "LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/tomcat/native-jni-lib",
                "GPG_KEYS=A9C5DF4D22E99998D9875A5110C01C5A2F6059E7",
                "TOMCAT_MAJOR=10",
                "TOMCAT_VERSION=10.0.14",
                "TOMCAT_SHA512=c2d2ad5ed17f7284e3aac5415774a8ef35434f14dbd9a87bc7230d8bfdbe9aa1258b97a59fa5c4030e4c973e4d93d29d20e40b6254347dbb66fae269ff4a61a5"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "catalina.sh",
                "run"
            ],
            "Image": "sha256:3ec35f87b705ec6465c19cfdea07add49c534eb0223513bea902f73c87586411",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "/usr/local/tomcat",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": null
        },
        "Architecture": "amd64",
        "Os": "linux",
        "Size": 679640649,
        "VirtualSize": 679640649,
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7b1a9cc507941ca0eabc41349f6ab2bdbc70f48124f8dc9d8fc19bdb2a5daff8/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/cb5fd283d2c0982267ca2b22a07381c79ddc3df979e11dd6608d553a4a0dc589/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/f531c63a994e9aa21035b88a53d82477f5f04d58490ba28f709ad2030880cc7c/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/bc1c4a0f9c7df9318af04d101dd8552e246ed56cec9f48dc3c4d2ca442e9a918/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/11b91da5a2048ee8b25c6ab4c1093817014b2c64929b0cc247fdc25f3cf0f5ce/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ea6e65f1bf6fa9b43a560c749d754e0038ce579ccdbc448e8120ca4460e44638/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/15940ff38605c64a0458ee60ae6f88b26962a28fe3992c04f89e5382facc2bfe/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/f830168542a1d2de390c50e89b6c1e2650d5805f72c672361a8b9ee38682f4a2/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d6c5accedd27d8f5824f9e2e26b0dabb14f87f65ec7b9aa3ffff2c2aa15a44ea/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/deb975bf1dfc9af7ae1969cc17a70622c03627b5c9dca70b0f1eef151384931c/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/deb975bf1dfc9af7ae1969cc17a70622c03627b5c9dca70b0f1eef151384931c/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/deb975bf1dfc9af7ae1969cc17a70622c03627b5c9dca70b0f1eef151384931c/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "RootFS": {
            "Type": "layers",
            "Layers": [
                "sha256:e2e8c39e0f77177381177ba8c4025421ec2d7e7d3c389a9b3d364f8de560024f",
                "sha256:91f7336bbfffdab2b558c738b7eeddec9bd8ace8884b3e7b96f3f5bcb643cafa",
                "sha256:d3710de04cb3fb2b3cb30765805f36935699523e75f199975f2b9e827f19e615",
                "sha256:3b441d7cb46b419dbd85417c8710660d24df06309e0e29a22d5467514148a86b",
                "sha256:a81f1846a0d20b440724b661832139e284b2a67a99a11eeaa07089fd910ebc5e",
                "sha256:927f9fcef4cf31ed2cce157134cfc3a26dc64b1a9bab644265c0260d7f749153",
                "sha256:5c81f9330d992740680756163ac07b737f2eaa7c9694cf0986452e3b31acc860",
                "sha256:f79d29235239b70e8572cb6955f4794b603de8d310a86b57dd2f10c22587886d",
                "sha256:516aad68a0ece7a38877acdcf480a44e786822a867675cc4c35529c1e0b32af2",
                "sha256:0a62582891d7e1cde80de764437c05704228f2cbd63475d722e92053072db5e4"
            ]
        },
        "Metadata": {
            "LastTagTime": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        }
    }
]

这里指示了分层信息：

"Layers": [
                "sha256:e2e8c39e0f77177381177ba8c4025421ec2d7e7d3c389a9b3d364f8de560024f",
                "sha256:91f7336bbfffdab2b558c738b7eeddec9bd8ace8884b3e7b96f3f5bcb643cafa",
                "sha256:d3710de04cb3fb2b3cb30765805f36935699523e75f199975f2b9e827f19e615",
                "sha256:3b441d7cb46b419dbd85417c8710660d24df06309e0e29a22d5467514148a86b",
                "sha256:a81f1846a0d20b440724b661832139e284b2a67a99a11eeaa07089fd910ebc5e",
                "sha256:927f9fcef4cf31ed2cce157134cfc3a26dc64b1a9bab644265c0260d7f749153",
                "sha256:5c81f9330d992740680756163ac07b737f2eaa7c9694cf0986452e3b31acc860",
                "sha256:f79d29235239b70e8572cb6955f4794b603de8d310a86b57dd2f10c22587886d",
                "sha256:516aad68a0ece7a38877acdcf480a44e786822a867675cc4c35529c1e0b32af2",
                "sha256:0a62582891d7e1cde80de764437c05704228f2cbd63475d722e92053072db5e4"
            ]

在这里插入图片描述

总结：下载的镜像层是只读，我们操作的是在容器层（即容器run起来的），基于容器和镜像层还能打包做成镜像。

二十、Commit镜像

如何提交自己的镜像

使用docker commit 命令提交容器成为一个新的版本
#命令和git原理类似
docker commit -m=“提交的描述信息”  -a="作者" 容器id 目标镜像名:[TAG]

实战测试：

1、启动一个默认的tomcat
2、发现这个默认的tomcat是没有webapps应用的，镜像的原因，官方镜像默认webapps下面是没有文件的！
3、我自己拷贝进去基本的文件
4、我们操作过的容器通过commit提交为一个镜像，我们以后就使用修改过的镜像即可，这就是我们自己的一个修改过的镜像。

#1.复制文件夹
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker run -it tomcat /bin/bash
root@2a3bf3eaa2e4:/usr/local/tomcat# cd webapps
root@2a3bf3eaa2e4:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps# ls
root@2a3bf3eaa2e4:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps# cd ../
root@2a3bf3eaa2e4:/usr/local/tomcat# cp -r webapps.dist/* webapps
root@2a3bf3eaa2e4:/usr/local/tomcat# cd webapps
root@2a3bf3eaa2e4:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps# ls
ROOT  docs  examples  host-manager  manager
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                 COMMAND        CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                    NAMES
2a3bf3eaa2e4   tomcat                "/bin/bash"    4 minutes ago   Up 4 minutes   8080/tcp                 competent_torvalds
7789d4505a00   portainer/portainer   "/portainer"   24 hours ago    Up 24 hours    0.0.0.0:8088->9000/tcp   quirky_sinoussi
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker exec -it 2a3bf3eaa2e4 /bin/bash
root@2a3bf3eaa2e4:/usr/local/tomcat# cd webapps
root@2a3bf3eaa2e4:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps# ls
ROOT  docs  examples  host-manager  manager
root@2a3bf3eaa2e4:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps# cd ../
root@2a3bf3eaa2e4:/usr/local/tomcat# read escape sequence
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                 COMMAND        CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                    NAMES
2a3bf3eaa2e4   tomcat                "/bin/bash"    8 minutes ago   Up 8 minutes   8080/tcp                 competent_torvalds
7789d4505a00   portainer/portainer   "/portainer"   24 hours ago    Up 24 hours    0.0.0.0:8088->9000/tcp   quirky_sinoussi
#2.提交镜像作为一个新的镜像
                                                 作者        消息        被打包的容器id    镜像打包的名称
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker commit -a="zl" -m="add webapps" dd0211b6f17d mytomcat1.0.0
sha256:7a00fbfe17f22a6b38878ab6ac4d295b713891dbe901b10de8d90d9d79e96fc7
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY            TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
mytomcat              1.0       f189aac861de   7 seconds ago   653MB
mysql                 5.7       f07dfa83b528   6 days ago      448MB
tomcat                latest    feba8d001e3f   10 days ago     649MB
nginx                 latest    ae2feff98a0c   12 days ago     133MB
centos                latest    300e315adb2f   2 weeks ago     209MB
portainer/portainer   latest    62771b0b9b09   5 months ago    79.1MB
elasticsearch         7.6.2     f29a1ee41030   9 months ago    791MB

#3.运行容器

[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker run -it mytomcat:1.0.0 /bin/bash
root@1645774d4605:/usr/local/tomcat# cd webapps
root@1645774d4605:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps# ls
ROOT  docs  examples  host-manager  manager
wz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY            TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
mytomcat              1.0       f189aac861de   7 seconds ago   653MB
mysql                 5.7       f07dfa83b528   6 days ago      448MB
tomcat                latest    feba8d001e3f   10 days ago     649MB
nginx                 latest    ae2feff98a0c   12 days ago     133MB
centos                latest    300e315adb2f   2 weeks ago     209MB
portainer/portainer   latest    62771b0b9b09   5 months ago    79.1MB
elasticsearch         7.6.2     f29a1ee41030   9 months ago    791MB

在这里插入图片描述
小结：如果你想要保存当前容器的状态，就可以通过commit来提交，获得一个镜像，就好比我们VM的快照。

zlxwl20150611

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Docker 学习2

十一、日志、元数据、进程的查看1、其他常用命令[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker logs --helpUsage: docker logs [OPTIONS] CONTAINERFetch the logs of a containerOptions: --details Show extra details provided to logs -f, --follow Follow log out
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