面向对象——抽象类、抽象方法练习
- 抽象类、抽象方法
- 抽象类、抽象方法的小练习:
题目:
编写工资系统,实现不同类型员工(多态)的按月发放工资。如果当月出现某个Employee对象的生日,则将该雇员的工资增加100元。
实验说明:
(1)定义一个Employee类, 该类包含:
private成员变量name,number,birthday,其中birthday为MyDate类的对象;abstract方法earnings();
toString()方法输出对象的name,number和birthday。
(2) MyDate类包含:
private成员变量year,month,day ;
toDateString()方法返回日期对应的字符串: xxxx年xx月xx日
(3)定义SalariedEmployee类继承Employee类, 实现按月计算工资的员工处理。该类包括: private成 员变量monthlySalary;
实现父类的抽象方法earnings(),该方法返回monthlySalary值; toString()方 法输出员工类型信息及员工的name,number,birthday。
(4)参照SalariedEmployee类定义HourlyEmployee类,实现按小时计算工资的员工处理。该类包括:
private成员变量wage和hour;
实现父类的抽象方法earnings(),该方法返回wage*hour值;
toString()方法输出员工类型信息及员工的name,number, birthday。
(5)定义PayrollSystem类,创建Employee变量数组并初始化,该数组存放各类雇员对象的引用。利用循环结构遍历数组元素,输出各个对象的类
型,name,number,birthday,以及该对象生日。当键盘输入本月月份值时,如果本月是某个Employee对象的生日,还要输出增加工资信息。
提示:
//定义People类型的数组People c1[]=new People[10];
1/数组元素赋值
c1[0]=new People(“John”,“0001”,20);
c1[1]=new People(“Bob”,“0002”,19);
//若People有两个子类Student和Officer,则数组元素赋值时,可以使父类类型的数组元素指向子类c1[0]=new Student(“John” ,“0001”,20,85.0);
c1[1]=new Officer(“Bob” ,“0002”,19,90.5);
下面是代码编写:
- Employee类
package Group1;
public abstract class Employee {
//员工姓名、工号、生日
private String name;
private int number;
//创建MyDate的对象birthday(属性)
private MyDate birthday = new MyDate();
//抽象方法
public abstract int earnings(int a);
//无参构造器
public Employee(){
}
//有参构造器
public Employee(String name, int number, MyDate birthday) {
this.name = name;
this.number = number;
this.birthday = birthday;
}
//get方法
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public int getNumber() {
return number;
}
public MyDate getBirthday() {
return birthday;
}
//set方法
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public void setNumber(int number) {
this.number = number;
}
public void setBirthday(MyDate birthday) {
this.birthday = birthday;
}
//toString方法返回员工信息
public String toEemloyeeString() {
return "我的名字是" + name + "\t我的工号是" + number + "\t我的生日是" + birthday.toDateString();
}
}
- MyDate类
package Group1;
public class MyDate {
//日期
private int year;
private int month;
private int day;
//无参构造器
public MyDate() {
}
//有参构造器
public MyDate(int year, int month, int day) {
this.year = year;
this.month = month;
this.day = day;
}
//get方法
public int getYear() {
return year;
}
public int getMonth() {
return month;
}
public int getDay() {
return day;
}
//set方法
public void setYear(int year) {
this.year = year;
}
public void setMonth(int month) {
this.month = month;
}
public void setDay(int day) {
this.day = day;
}
//toString方法返回日期
public String toDateString() {
return year + "年" + month + "月" + day + "日";
}
}
- 子类HourlyEmployee
package Group1;
//子类
public class HourlyEmployee extends Employee{
//属性
private int wage;
private int hour;
//构造器
public HourlyEmployee(String name,int number,MyDate birthday,int wage,int hour){
super(name,number,birthday);
this.wage = wage;
this.hour = hour;
}
//earnings方法判断当前月份是否有员工生日,有的话工资增加100元,并输出总工资
public int earnings(int hour1) {
if (hour1 == this.getBirthday().getMonth()){
return hour*wage+100;
}else
return hour*wage;
}
//toString方法输出小时工的信息
@Override
public String toString() {
return "HourlyEmployee{" +
"wage=" + wage +
", hour=" + hour +this.toEemloyeeString()+
'}';
}
}
- 子类SalariedEmployee
package Group1;
//子类
public class SalariedEmployee extends Employee{
//长时工的工资
private int monthlySalary;
//构造器
public SalariedEmployee(String name, int number, MyDate birthday, int monthlySalary) {
super(name, number, birthday);
this.monthlySalary = monthlySalary;
}
//重写earnings方法
@Override
public int earnings(int month) {
if (this.getBirthday().getMonth()==month){
return monthlySalary+100;
}else
return monthlySalary;
}
//重写toString方法
@Override
public String toString() {
return "SalariedEmployee{" +
"monthlySalary=" + monthlySalary + this.toEemloyeeString()+
'}';
}
}
- 主方法类:PayrollSystem
package Group1;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class PayrollSystem {
//主方法
public static void main(String[] args) {
//创建数组用来盛放员工
Employee[] e1 = new Employee[2];
HourlyEmployee h1 = new HourlyEmployee("张三",1001,new MyDate(2020,1,27),100,10);
SalariedEmployee s1 = new SalariedEmployee("李四",1002,new MyDate(2020,2,2),5000);
//把员工的信息放入数组
e1[0] = h1;
e1[1] = s1;
//输入月份
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
int i = scanner.nextInt();
//遍历数组
for (int j = 0;j< e1.length;j++){
System.out.println(e1[j]);
}
System.out.println(h1.toString());
System.out.println(h1.earnings(i));
System.out.println(s1.toString());
System.out.println(s1.earnings(i));
}
}
- 总结:
此次练习使我对于抽象类和抽象方法的理解更加深入,为以后学习其他面向对象的知识打下良好基础。
本文为初学者所编写,还请大佬多多赐教!!