4-7.Android Camera 之录制视频编码模板(MediaRecorder)

一、Camera

  1. Camera 用于捕获图像和视频

  2. 在 Android 开发的早期阶段,Android 提供 android.hardware.Camera API,开发者用它来访问和控制设备的摄像头硬件

  3. 然而,随着 Android 系统的发展,从 Android 5.0(API 级别 21)开始,Android 引入了一个新的 Camera2 API,以提供更强大和灵活的控制功能


二、Camera 录制视频

1、Util
  • MyCameraTool.java
package com.my.camera.util;

import android.hardware.Camera;
import android.util.Log;

import com.my.camera.entity.CameraIdResult;

import java.util.List;

public class MyCameraTool {

    public static final String TAG = MyCameraTool.class.getSimpleName();

    /**
     * 得到摄像头 Id 对象
     *
     * @return 摄像头 Id 对象,它有前置摄像头 Id 和后置摄像头 Id
     */
    public static CameraIdResult getCameraIdResult() {
        CameraIdResult cameraIdResult = new CameraIdResult();

        int numberOfCameras = Camera.getNumberOfCameras();
        Log.i(TAG, "------------------------------ 摄像头个数:" + numberOfCameras);

        for (int cameraId = 0; cameraId < numberOfCameras; cameraId++) {
            Camera.CameraInfo cameraInfo = new Camera.CameraInfo();
            Camera.getCameraInfo(cameraId, cameraInfo);
            if (cameraInfo.facing == Camera.CameraInfo.CAMERA_FACING_FRONT) {
                Log.i(TAG, "------------------------------ 前置摄像头,cameraId 为:" + cameraId);
                cameraIdResult.setQzCameraId(cameraId);
            }
            if (cameraInfo.facing == Camera.CameraInfo.CAMERA_FACING_BACK) {
                Log.i(TAG, "------------------------------ 后置摄像头,cameraId 为:" + cameraId);
                cameraIdResult.setHzCameraId(cameraId);
            } else {
                Log.i(TAG, "------------------------------ 其他摄像头,cameraId 为:" + cameraId);
            }
        }

        return cameraIdResult;
    }

    /**
     * 根据 SurfaceView 的尺寸和相机支持的预览尺寸来选择最优的预览尺寸
     *
     * @param sizes 相机支持的预览尺寸列表
     * @param w     SurfaceView 的宽度
     * @param h     SurfaceView 的高度
     * @return 最优的预览尺寸,如果没有合适的尺寸则返回 null
     */
    public static Camera.Size getOptimalPreviewSize(List<Camera.Size> sizes, int w, int h) {
        if (sizes == null) return null;

        final double ASPECT_TOLERANCE = 0.1;
        double targetRatio = (double) h / w;
        Camera.Size optimalSize = null;
        double minDiff = Double.MAX_VALUE;
        int targetHeight = h;

        // 遍历所有支持的预览尺寸
        for (Camera.Size size : sizes) {

            // 检查宽高比是否接近目标宽高比
            double ratio = (double) size.width / size.height;
            if (Math.abs(ratio - targetRatio) > ASPECT_TOLERANCE) continue;

            // 计算当前尺寸与目标尺寸的宽度差异
            // 如果差异小于当前最小差异,则更新最优尺寸和最小差异
            if (Math.abs(size.height - targetHeight) < minDiff) {
                optimalSize = size;
                minDiff = Math.abs(size.height - targetHeight);
            }
        }

        // 如果找不到接近目标宽高比的尺寸,则选择最接近目标高度的尺寸
        if (optimalSize == null) {
            minDiff = Double.MAX_VALUE;
            for (Camera.Size size : sizes) {
                if (Math.abs(size.height - targetHeight) < minDiff) {
                    optimalSize = size;
                    minDiff = Math.abs(size.height - targetHeight);
                }
            }
        }

        return optimalSize;
    }

    /**
     * 打印相机参数信息
     *
     * @param parameters 相机参数对象
     */
    public static void showParameters(Camera.Parameters parameters) {
        Camera.Size previewSize = parameters.getPreviewSize();
        Log.i(TAG, "============================== getPreviewSize");
        Log.i(TAG, "---------- " + previewSize.width + " - " + previewSize.height);

        List<Camera.Size> supportedPreviewSizes = parameters.getSupportedPreviewSizes();
        Log.i(TAG, "============================== supportedPreviewSizes");
        Log.i(TAG, "============================== supportedPreviewSizes size: " + supportedPreviewSizes.size());
        for (Camera.Size supportedPreviewSize : supportedPreviewSizes) {
            Log.i(TAG, "---------- " + supportedPreviewSize.width + " - " + supportedPreviewSize.height);
        }

        Camera.Size pictureSize = parameters.getPictureSize();
        Log.i(TAG, "============================== getPictureSize");
        Log.i(TAG, "---------- " + pictureSize.width + " - " + pictureSize.height);

        List<Camera.Size> supportedPictureSizes = parameters.getSupportedPictureSizes();
        Log.i(TAG, "============================== getSupportedPictureSizes");
        Log.i(TAG, "============================== getSupportedPictureSizes: " + supportedPictureSizes.size());
        for (Camera.Size supportedPictureSize : supportedPictureSizes) {
            Log.i(TAG, "---------- " + supportedPictureSize.width + " - " + supportedPictureSize.height);
        }

        String focusMode = parameters.getFocusMode();
        Log.i(TAG, "============================== getFocusMode");
        Log.i(TAG,"---------- " + focusMode);

        String whiteBalance = parameters.getWhiteBalance();
        Log.i(TAG, "============================== getWhiteBalance");
        Log.i(TAG,"---------- " + whiteBalance);

        int exposureCompensation = parameters.getExposureCompensation();
        Log.i(TAG, "============================== getExposureCompensation");
        Log.i(TAG,"---------- " + exposureCompensation);

        String flashMode = parameters.getFlashMode();
        Log.i(TAG, "============================== getFlashMode");
        Log.i(TAG,"---------- " + flashMode);
    }
}
2、Activity Layout
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".RecordVideoActivity">

    <SurfaceView
        android:id="@+id/sv"
        android:layout_width="300dp"
        android:layout_height="300dp"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_start_record_video"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="开始录制"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/btn_stop_record_video"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_stop_record_video"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="停止录制"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent" />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
3、Activity Code
  • RecordVideoActivity.java
package com.my.camera;

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.hardware.Camera;
import android.media.MediaRecorder;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.SurfaceHolder;
import android.view.SurfaceView;
import android.view.WindowManager;
import android.widget.Button;

import com.my.camera.entity.CameraIdResult;
import com.my.camera.util.MyCameraTool;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.UUID;

public class RecordVideoActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    public static final String TAG = RecordVideoActivity.class.getSimpleName();

    private SurfaceView sv;
    private Button btnStartRecordVideo;
    private Button btnStopRecordVideo;

    private SurfaceHolder surfaceHolder;
    private int hzCameraId;
    private Camera camera;
    private MediaRecorder mediaRecorder;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_record_video);

        // 保持屏幕常亮
        getWindow().addFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_KEEP_SCREEN_ON);

        CameraIdResult cameraIdResult = MyCameraTool.getCameraIdResult();
        hzCameraId = cameraIdResult.getHzCameraId();

        sv = findViewById(R.id.sv);
        btnStartRecordVideo = findViewById(R.id.btn_start_record_video);
        btnStopRecordVideo = findViewById(R.id.btn_stop_record_video);

        surfaceHolder = sv.getHolder();
        surfaceHolder.addCallback(new SurfaceHolder.Callback() {
            @Override
            public void surfaceCreated(@NonNull SurfaceHolder holder) {
                Log.i(TAG, "------------------------------ surfaceCreated");
                openCamera();
            }

            @Override
            public void surfaceChanged(@NonNull SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int width, int height) {
                Log.i(TAG, "------------------------------ surfaceChanged");
                cameraPreview(width, height);
            }

            @Override
            public void surfaceDestroyed(@NonNull SurfaceHolder holder) {
                Log.i(TAG, "------------------------------ surfaceDestroyed");
                closeCamera();
            }
        });

        btnStartRecordVideo.setOnClickListener(v -> startRecordVideo());

        btnStopRecordVideo.setOnClickListener(v -> stopRecordVideo());
    }

    private void openCamera() {
        try {
            if (camera != null) return;
            if (hzCameraId == -1) return;
            camera = Camera.open(hzCameraId);
            camera.setPreviewDisplay(surfaceHolder);
            camera.setDisplayOrientation(90);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            closeCamera();
        }
    }

    private void cameraPreview(int width, int height) {
        if (camera == null) return;
        Camera.Parameters parameters = camera.getParameters();

        List<Camera.Size> supportedPreviewSizes = parameters.getSupportedPreviewSizes();
        Camera.Size optimalPreviewSize = MyCameraTool.getOptimalPreviewSize(supportedPreviewSizes, width, height);
        Log.i(TAG, "============================== optimalPreviewSize");
        Log.i(TAG, "---------- " + optimalPreviewSize.width + " - " + optimalPreviewSize.height);
        parameters.setPreviewSize(optimalPreviewSize.width, optimalPreviewSize.height);

        camera.setParameters(parameters);
        camera.startPreview();
    }

    private void startRecordVideo() {
        if (mediaRecorder != null) return;

        mediaRecorder = new MediaRecorder();
        camera.unlock();
        mediaRecorder.setCamera(camera);

        mediaRecorder.setAudioSource(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC);
        mediaRecorder.setVideoSource(MediaRecorder.VideoSource.CAMERA);

        mediaRecorder.setOutputFormat(MediaRecorder.OutputFormat.MPEG_4);
        mediaRecorder.setVideoEncoder(MediaRecorder.VideoEncoder.H264);
        mediaRecorder.setAudioEncoder(MediaRecorder.AudioEncoder.AAC);
        mediaRecorder.setOutputFile(getFilesDir().getPath() + File.separatorChar + UUID.randomUUID().toString() + ".mp4");

        try {
            mediaRecorder.prepare();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return;
        }
        mediaRecorder.start();
    }

    private void stopRecordVideo() {
        mediaRecorder.stop();
    }

    private void closeCamera() {
        if (camera == null) return;
        camera.stopPreview();
        camera.release();
        camera = null;
    }
}

三、Camera 录制视频案例解析

1、添加权限
  • 在 AndroidManifest.xml 文件中添加相关权限,如果是 Android 6.0(API 级别 23)或之后,需要在运行时请求
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA" />
2、保持屏幕常亮
  • 保持屏幕常亮就是不会自动关闭屏幕,不仅是预览图像,它也非常适用于阅读、视频播放等
getWindow().addFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_KEEP_SCREEN_ON);
3、选择摄像头
  • 这里借助工具类,选择后置摄像头 ID,准备使用后置摄像头(手机背后的)
CameraIdResult cameraIdResult = MyCameraTool.getCameraIdResult();
hzCameraId = cameraIdResult.getHzCameraId();
4、准备 SurfaceView 作为图像预览容器
  • SurfaceView 控件可用于预览图像、视频播放等
<SurfaceView
    android:id="@+id/sv"
    android:layout_width="300dp"
    android:layout_height="300dp"
    app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
    app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
    app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
    app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
  • 通过 SurfaceView 对象得到 SurfaceHolder 对象,它作为预览图像显示,它有三个方法
  1. surfaceCreated(@NonNull SurfaceHolder holder):当 Surface 被创建时调用,这里可以打开相机

  2. surfaceChanged(@NonNull SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int width, int height):当 Surface 的尺寸或格式发生变化时调用,这里可以调整相机预览的尺寸并开始预览

  3. surfaceDestroyed(@NonNull SurfaceHolder holder):当 Surface 被销毁时调用,这里可以关闭相机

sv = findViewById(R.id.sv);

surfaceHolder = sv.getHolder();
surfaceHolder.addCallback(new SurfaceHolder.Callback() {
    @Override
    public void surfaceCreated(@NonNull SurfaceHolder holder) {
        Log.i(TAG, "------------------------------ surfaceCreated");
        openCamera();
    }

    @Override
    public void surfaceChanged(@NonNull SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int width, int height) {
        Log.i(TAG, "------------------------------ surfaceChanged");
        cameraPreview(width, height);
    }

    @Override
    public void surfaceDestroyed(@NonNull SurfaceHolder holder) {
        Log.i(TAG, "------------------------------ surfaceDestroyed");
        closeCamera();
    }
});
5、打开相机
  1. camera = Camera.open(hzCameraId);:通过打开摄像头

  2. camera.setPreviewDisplay(surfaceHolder);:设置预览图像显示

  3. camera.setDisplayOrientation(90);:设置预览方向(否则图像不是正向的)

private void openCamera() {
    try {
        if (camera != null) return;
        if (hzCameraId == -1) return;
        camera = Camera.open(hzCameraId);
        camera.setPreviewDisplay(surfaceHolder);
        camera.setDisplayOrientation(90);
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
        closeCamera();
    }
}
6、调整相机预览的尺寸并开始预览
  1. Camera.Parameters parameters = camera.getParameters();:得到相机参数对象

  2. List<Camera.Size> supportedPreviewSizes = parameters.getSupportedPreviewSizes();:得到支持的预览尺寸列表

  3. camera.setParameters(parameters);:借助工具类选择最优的预览尺寸并设置

  4. camera.startPreview();:开始预览图像

private void cameraPreview(int width, int height) {
    if (camera == null) return;
    Camera.Parameters parameters = camera.getParameters();

    List<Camera.Size> supportedPreviewSizes = parameters.getSupportedPreviewSizes();
    Camera.Size optimalPreviewSize = MyCameraTool.getOptimalPreviewSize(supportedPreviewSizes, width, height);
    Log.i(TAG, "============================== optimalPreviewSize");
    Log.i(TAG, "---------- " + optimalPreviewSize.width + " - " + optimalPreviewSize.height);
    parameters.setPreviewSize(optimalPreviewSize.width, optimalPreviewSize.height);

    camera.setParameters(parameters);
    camera.startPreview();
}
7、开始录制视频
  1. mediaRecorder = new MediaRecorder();:创建 MediaRecorder

  2. camera.unlock();:解锁相机,这样 MediaRecorder 才可以使用它进行录制视频

  3. mediaRecorder.setCamera(camera);:关联相机,这样 MediaRecorder 才可以使用它进行录制视频

  4. mediaRecorder.setAudioSource(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC);:设置音频为麦克风

  5. mediaRecorder.setVideoSource(MediaRecorder.VideoSource.CAMERA);:设置视频源为相机

  6. mediaRecorder.setOutputFormat(MediaRecorder.OutputFormat.MPEG_4);:设置视频的输出格式为 MPEG-4

  7. mediaRecorder.setVideoEncoder(MediaRecorder.VideoEncoder.H264);:设置视频编码器为 H.264

  8. mediaRecorder.setAudioEncoder(MediaRecorder.AudioEncoder.AAC);:设置音频编码器为 AAC

  9. mediaRecorder.setOutputFile(getFilesDir().getPath() + File.separatorChar + UUID.randomUUID().toString() + ".mp4");:设置视频输出

  10. mediaRecorder.prepare();:准备录制视频

  11. mediaRecorder.start();:开始录制视频

private void startRecordVideo() {
    if (mediaRecorder != null) return;

    mediaRecorder = new MediaRecorder();
    camera.unlock();
    mediaRecorder.setCamera(camera);

    mediaRecorder.setAudioSource(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC);
    mediaRecorder.setVideoSource(MediaRecorder.VideoSource.CAMERA);

    mediaRecorder.setOutputFormat(MediaRecorder.OutputFormat.MPEG_4);
    mediaRecorder.setVideoEncoder(MediaRecorder.VideoEncoder.H264);
    mediaRecorder.setAudioEncoder(MediaRecorder.AudioEncoder.AAC);
    mediaRecorder.setOutputFile(getFilesDir().getPath() + File.separatorChar + UUID.randomUUID().toString() + ".mp4");

    try {
        mediaRecorder.prepare();
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
        return;
    }
    mediaRecorder.start();
}
8、结束录制视频
private void stopRecordVideo() {
    mediaRecorder.stop();
}
9、关闭相机
  1. camera.stopPreview();:停止预览图像

  2. camera.release();:释放摄像头资源

private void closeCamera() {
    if (camera == null) return;
    camera.stopPreview();
    camera.release();
    camera = null;
}
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