Kubernetes 集群搭建-kubernetesk8s集群搭建

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-26 21:44:34 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-08-26 21:44:34 发布

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文章标签： docker k8s kubernetes

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_52373407/article/details/120844658

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环境准备

至少两台服务器，一台装 Master，一台装 Slave，我这次使用华为云两台 ubuntu arm64 架构的服务器，安装的 kubernates 为 1.18.0

安装 docker

参考官网

配置 docker

切换docker下载源为国内镜像站以及修改cgroups。添加 docker 配置 /etc/docker/daemon.json，registry-mirrors镜像仓库改成国内的，cgroupdriver可以把它理解成一个进程隔离工具，docker就是用它来实现容器的隔离的。docker 默认使用的是cgroupfs，而 k8s 也用到了一个进程隔离工具systemd，如果使用两个隔离组的话可能会引起异常，所以我们要把 docker 的也改成systemd。


修改daemon.json
$ vi /etc/docker/daemon.json


{
  "registry-mirrors": [
    "https://*hcih***.mirror.aliyuncs.com",
    "https://dockerhub.azk8s.cn",
    "https://reg-mirror.qiniu.com",
    "https://quay-mirror.qiniu.com"
  ],
  "exec-opts": [ "native.cgroupdriver=systemd" ]
}

保存重启 docker

$ systemctl daemon-reload
$ systemctl restart docker

安装 k8s

安装完了 docker 就可以下载 k8s 的三个主要组件kubelet、kubeadm以及kubectl了。这一步两台主机都需要进行安装。先来简单介绍一下这三者：

kubelet: k8s 的核心服务
kubeadm: 这个是用于快速安装 k8s 的一个集成工具，我们在master1和worker1上的 k8s 部署都将使用它来完成。
kubectl: k8s 的命令行工具，部署完成之后后续的操作都要用它来执行
其实这三个的下载很简单，直接用apt-get就好了，但是因为某些原因，它们的下载地址不存在了。所以我们需要用国内的镜像站来下载，也很简单，依次执行下面五条命令即可：

# 使得 apt 支持 ssl 传输
apt-get update && apt-get install -y apt-transport-https
# 下载 gpg 密钥
curl https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | apt-key add - 
# 添加 k8s 镜像源
cat <<EOF >/etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/ kubernetes-xenial main
EOF
# 更新源列表
apt-get update
# 下载 kubectl，kubeadm以及 kubelet
apt-get install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl

初始化 Master

使用kubeadm的init命令就可以轻松的完成初始化，不过需要携带几个参数，如下。先不要直接复制执行，将赋值给–apiserver-advertise-address参数的 ip 地址修改为自己的master主机地址，然后再执行。

kubeadm init \
--apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.0.26 \
--image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
--service-cidr=10.1.0.0/16 \
--pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16

这里需要保证 docker 和 kubelet 的 cgroups 一致。如果遇到某个组件拉去失败的警告，比如 [ERROR ImagePull]，可以尝试从别的源拉取镜像，打上对应的标签即可。我的服务器是 arm64 架构，就遇到了这个问题
一些常用参数:

–apiserver-advertise-address: k8s 中的主要服务apiserver的部署地址，填自己的管理节点 ip
–image-repository: 拉取的 docker 镜像源，因为初始化的时候kubeadm会去拉 k8s 的很多组件来进行部署，所以需要指定国内镜像源，下不然会拉取不到镜像。
–pod-network-cidr: 这个是 k8s 采用的节点网络，因为我们将要使用flannel作为 k8s 的网络，所以这里填10.244.0.0/16就好
–kubernetes-version: 这个是用来指定你要部署的 k8s 版本的，一般不用填，不过如果初始化过程中出现了因为版本不对导致的安装错误的话，可以用这个参数手动指定。
–ignore-preflight-errors: 忽略初始化时遇到的错误，比如说我想忽略 cpu 数量不够 2 核引起的错误，就可以用–ignore-preflight-errors=CpuNum。错误名称在初始化错误时会给出来。

当你看到如下字样是，就说明初始化成功了，输出的结果给出了接下来该做什么，参照执行即可 kubectl 和 flannel ，kubeadm join 是配置 Slave 节点加入集群使用的，有效期是24小时，过期的话可以在master节点上使用kubeadm token create --print-join-command命令来重新生成一条。

Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:

  export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join 192.168.0.26:6443 --token z2aihu.gvzep0o3o906xftu --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:2eac4830371ee5d7c7279c8e847ac8d04609322841f78f031d4cc2c01e0ee728

如果在初始化过程中出现了任何Error导致初始化终止了，使用kubeadm reset重置之后再重新进行初始化。

配置 kubectl

复制上面的命令即可

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

部署 flannel 网络

根据提示 kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml，

kubectl apply -f  https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml

部署 Slave 节点

Slave 也需要安装 Docker kubelet kubeadm kubectl，根据提示执行

kubeadm join 192.168.0.26:6443 --token z2aihu.gvzep0o3o906xftu --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:2eac4830371ee5d7c7279c8e847ac8d04609322841f78f031d4cc2c01e0ee728

Slave 节点输出以下信息标识加入集群成功

This node has joined the cluster:
* Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and a response was received.
* The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details.
Run 'kubectl get nodes' on the master to see this node join the cluster.

进入 Master 验证成功

root@master:~# kubectl get nodes
NAME            STATUS   ROLES                  AGE   VERSION
slave           Ready    <none>                 40h   v1.22.1
master          Ready    control-plane,master   45h   v1.22.1

移除节点

排干 slave 上的 pods 资源（驱逐 salve 节点上已有的 pods 到其他节点）

kubectl drain slave --delete-local-data --force --ignore-daemonsets

移除 slave 节点

kubectl delete node slave

清除 slave 节点数据，在 slave 节点执行

kubeadm reset

部署 Ingress-nginx

点击到GitHub上取资源文件 mandatory.yaml，加上hostNetwork: true,根据服务器架构修改一下镜像源即可；

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx

---

kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: nginx-configuration
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx

---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: tcp-services
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx

---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: udp-services
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-clusterrole
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - configmaps
      - endpoints
      - nodes
      - pods
      - secrets
    verbs:
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - nodes
    verbs:
      - get
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - services
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - events
    verbs:
      - create
      - patch
  - apiGroups:
      - "extensions"
      - "networking.k8s.io"
    resources:
      - ingresses
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - "extensions"
      - "networking.k8s.io"
    resources:
      - ingresses/status
    verbs:
      - update

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Role
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-role
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - configmaps
      - pods
      - secrets
      - namespaces
    verbs:
      - get
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - configmaps
    resourceNames:
      # Defaults to "<election-id>-<ingress-class>"
      # Here: "<ingress-controller-leader>-<nginx>"
      # This has to be adapted if you change either parameter
      # when launching the nginx-ingress-controller.
      - "ingress-controller-leader-nginx"
    verbs:
      - get
      - update
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - configmaps
    verbs:
      - create
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - endpoints
    verbs:
      - get

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-role-nisa-binding
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: nginx-ingress-role
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount
    namespace: ingress-nginx

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-clusterrole-nisa-binding
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: nginx-ingress-clusterrole
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount
    namespace: ingress-nginx

---

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-controller
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
      app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
      annotations:
        prometheus.io/port: "10254"
        prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
    spec:
      # wait up to five minutes for the drain of connections
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 300
      serviceAccountName: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount
      hostNetwork: true  # 80端口是通过它暴露的
      nodeSelector:
        kubernetes.io/os: linux
      containers:
        - name: nginx-ingress-controller
          image: quay.io/kubernetes-ingress-controller/nginx-ingress-controller-arm64:0.30.0
          #image: quay.io/kubernetes-ingress-controller/nginx-ingress-controller:0.30.0 #amd架构请打开换此镜像
          args:
            - /nginx-ingress-controller
            - --configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/nginx-configuration
            - --tcp-services-configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/tcp-services
            - --udp-services-configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/udp-services
            - --publish-service=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/ingress-nginx
            - --annotations-prefix=nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: true
            capabilities:
              drop:
                - ALL
              add:
                - NET_BIND_SERVICE
            # www-data -> 101
            runAsUser: 101
          env:
            - name: POD_NAME
              valueFrom:
                fieldRef:
                  fieldPath: metadata.name
            - name: POD_NAMESPACE
              valueFrom:
                fieldRef:
                  fieldPath: metadata.namespace
          ports:
            - name: http
              containerPort: 80
              protocol: TCP
            - name: https
              containerPort: 443
              protocol: TCP
          livenessProbe:
            failureThreshold: 3
            httpGet:
              path: /healthz
              port: 10254
              scheme: HTTP
            initialDelaySeconds: 10
            periodSeconds: 10
            successThreshold: 1
            timeoutSeconds: 10
          readinessProbe:
            failureThreshold: 3
            httpGet:
              path: /healthz
              port: 10254
              scheme: HTTP
            periodSeconds: 10
            successThreshold: 1
            timeoutSeconds: 10
          lifecycle:
            preStop:
              exec:
                command:
                  - /wait-shutdown

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: LimitRange
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
spec:
  limits:
  - min:
      memory: 90Mi
      cpu: 100m
    type: Container

执行 kubectl apply -f ingress-nginx.yaml
执行 kubectl get pods -n ingress-nginx 查看 ingress-nginx 命名空间下的 pods，输出以下信息代表成功

root@master:~# kubectl get pods -n ingress-nginx
NAME                                        READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-ingress-controller-787889c8cf-hdjkj   1/1     Running   0          68s