引言
病了,还要练车,鸽了一天,抱歉
[NCTF2019]Sore
加密代码如下:
from string import ascii_letters
from flag import flag
ctoi = lambda x: ascii_letters.index(x)
itoc = lambda x: ascii_letters[x]
key = flag.strip('NCTF{}')
len_key = len(key)
plaintext = open('plaintext.txt', 'r').read()
plain = ''.join(p for p in plaintext if p in ascii_letters)
cipher = ''.join(itoc((ctoi(p) + ctoi(key[i % len_key])) % 52) for i, p in enumerate(plain))
open('ciphertext.txt', 'w').write(cipher)
通过key在ascii_letters(“abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ”)中的位置,以key的长度循环加密
可以看出来,有点像维吉尼亚密码(然而我没看出来( ),但是正统的维吉尼亚密码是不区分大小写的
从出题者的角度,看官方wp
啊这
就找了个网站爆破
最后要区分大小写,把x改成X就是flag(。。。草)
至于为什么只把’x’改成大写,当然可以以ascii_letters为字母表另外写一个爆破程序,但是大可不必
或者通过解密,使得明文是一段有意义的文本
但是,其实可以耍小聪明:
设x为原文中的某个字符,y为key中对应于x的字符,z为cipher中对应于x的字符
若y为大写字母,则26<=ctoi(y)<=51,那么ctoi(x)+ctoi(y)大概率(至少大于50%的概率)会大于52,则ctoi(z)会小于ctoi(y),故ctoi(z)-ctoi(y)小于0的次数较多的y极有可能是key中的大写字母
代码如下:
from string import ascii_letters
ctoi = lambda x: ascii_letters.index(x)
cipher = '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'
key = 'vlbeunuozbpycklsjxlfpaq'
c = {}
count = {}
for i in range(len(key)):
c[key[i]] = 0
count[key[i]] = 0
for i in range(len(cipher)):
c[key[i % len(key)]] += 1
if (ctoi(cipher[i]) - ctoi(key[i % len(key)])) < 0:
count[key[i % len(key)]] += 1
print(c)
print(count)
结果为:
容易看出只有’x’符合条件
从解题人的角度老老实实地解的话,可以参考另一位师傅的wp,这里不再赘述
但仅仅解出这道题是不够的
如这位师傅在wp中分析的,维吉尼亚密码爆破需要经历三个过程
1、Kasiski 实验,通过查找相同的子串(3个字符以上)来猜测可能的key的长度
2、重合指数攻击,通过计算重合指数,进一步确定key的长度
3、字母频率分析,根据英文文档中各个字母的出现频率来推算key的内容
这里提供一个用python写的爆破脚本示例,具体原理也可参照wiki,这里不再赘述
关键是,如本题所示,如果加密用的字母表(本题为ascii_letters即包含大小写共52个字母),不是经典维吉尼亚密码的26个顺序字母,是否能用类似方法破解?
我们假设加密的内容都是有意义的英文文本,这里讨论三种情况:
1、乱序小写字母表
Kasiski实验至于密文有关,通过查找相同的子串(3个字符以上)来猜测可能的key的长度,因此没有影响
由于字母还是那26个字母,重合指数与各个字母的出现频率都是不变的,所以重合指数攻击和字母频率分析依然可以进行
所以上述爆破方法仍适用
2、缺失的字母表
同样,Kasiski实验至于密文有关,没有影响
但是,由于字母的缺失,重合指数与各个字母的出现频率与正常的英文文本不相同,所以无法进行
因此上述爆破方法并不适用
key做到避开某些字母是容易的,但是一段有意义的英文文本完全避开一些字面是困难的
但如果仅仅避开一些出现频率不高的字母(如’x’,‘z’,频率只有0.001),上述爆破方法还是适用的
3、混入大写字母的小写字母表(或是混入小写字母的大写字母表)
这又会有两种情况
一种是原文的这些混入字母也是大写的(这样做可能是为了和key契合,或者混淆视听),那么只要把全部字母换成小写爆破就行
另一种就是原文特意避开这些字母,和第2种情况不同的是,key中可能含有这些大写字母,那就只要把key和字母表里的大写字母都换成小写,如果仅仅原文避开了一些出现频率不高的字母,仍然可以爆破
结语
原本还想写下一题[SUCTF2019]MT的,但是MT算法似乎比较麻烦,就单独分一期吧
希望继续坚持