DeepWalk

来自 GraphEmbedding

---

1.run

G = nx.read_edgelist('./data/wiki/Wiki_edgelist.txt',
                         create_using=nx.DiGraph(), nodetype=None, data=[('weight', int)])

1.1.read_edgelist

@open_file(0, mode="rb")
def read_edgelist(
    path,
    comments="#",
    delimiter=None,
    create_using=None,
    nodetype=None,
    data=True,
    edgetype=None,
    encoding="utf-8",
):
        lines = (line if isinstance(line, str) else line.decode(encoding) for line in path)
    return parse_edgelist(
        lines,
        comments=comments,
        delimiter=delimiter,
        create_using=create_using,
        nodetype=nodetype,
        data=data,
    )

• open_file 是 nx 自定义的装饰器，下面是解释作用

Normally, we'd want to use "with" to ensure that fobj gets closed.
However, the decorator will make `path` a file object for us,
and using "with" would undesirably close that file object.
Instead, we use a try block, as shown above.
When we exit the function, fobj will be closed, if it should be, by the decorator.

• 首先将文件按行为元素放到 lines 元组中，之后传入 parse_edgelist

1.2.parse_edgelist

def parse_edgelist(
    lines, comments="#", delimiter=None, create_using=None, nodetype=None, data=True
):
    from ast import literal_eval

    G = nx.empty_graph(0, create_using)
    for line in lines:
        p = line.find(comments)
        if p >= 0:
            line = line[:p]
        if not line:
            continue
        # split line, should have 2 or more
        s = line.strip().split(delimiter)
        if len(s) < 2:
            continue
        u = s.pop(0)
        v = s.pop(0)
        d = s
        if nodetype is not None:
            try:
                u = nodetype(u)
                v = nodetype(v)
            except Exception as e:
                raise TypeError(
                    f"Failed to convert nodes {u},{v} to type {nodetype}."
                ) from e

        if len(d) == 0 or data is False:
            # no data or data type specified
            edgedata = {}
        elif data is True:
            # no edge types specified
            try:  # try to evaluate as dictionary
                if delimiter == ",":
                    edgedata_str = ",".join(d)
                else:
                    edgedata_str = " ".join(d)
                edgedata = dict(literal_eval(edgedata_str.strip()))
            except Exception as e:
                raise TypeError(
                    f"Failed to convert edge data ({d}) to dictionary."
                ) from e
        else:
            # convert edge data to dictionary with specified keys and type
            if len(d) != len(data):
                raise IndexError(
                    f"Edge data {d} and data_keys {data} are not the same length"
                )
            edgedata = {}
            for (edge_key, edge_type), edge_value in zip(data, d):
                try:
                    edge_value = edge_type(edge_value)
                except Exception as e:
                    raise TypeError(
                        f"Failed to convert {edge_key} data {edge_value} "
                        f"to type {edge_type}."
                    ) from e
                edgedata.update({edge_key: edge_value})
        G.add_edge(u, v, **edgedata)
    return G

• 调用 empty_graph 构造空图对象，然后将每行 string 分成节点，如果每行只有两个节点就调用 add_edge 添加节点，返回图
• 这里使用的文件没有 weight 权重数据，如果有的话会被存储在 d 中，然后转化成 edge_type 类型（这里是 int），以字典形式存储在 edgedata 中，作为参数传入 add_edge

1.3.empty_graph

@nodes_or_number(0)
def empty_graph(n=0, create_using=None, default=Graph):
    if create_using is None:
        G = default()
    elif hasattr(create_using, "_adj"):
        # create_using is a NetworkX style Graph
        create_using.clear()
        G = create_using
    else:
        # try create_using as constructor
        G = create_using()

    n_name, nodes = n
    G.add_nodes_from(nodes)
    return G

• 这里传入的 create_using 是构造函数 nx.DiGraph()，返回创建的空图

2.DeepWalk

model = DeepWalk(G, walk_length=10, num_walks=80, workers=1)

2.1.RandomWalker

class DeepWalk:
    def __init__(self, graph, walk_length, num_walks, workers=1):
        self.graph = graph
        self.w2v_model = None
        self._embeddings = {}

        self.walker = RandomWalker(
            graph, p=1, q=1,)
        self.sentences = self.walker.simulate_walks(
            num_walks=num_walks, walk_length=walk_length, workers=workers, verbose=1)

class RandomWalker:
    def __init__(self, G, p=1, q=1, use_rejection_sampling=False):
        """
        :param G:
        :param p: Return parameter,controls the likelihood of immediately revisiting a node in the walk.
        :param q: In-out parameter,allows the search to differentiate between “inward” and “outward” nodes
        :param use_rejection_sampling: Whether to use the rejection sampling strategy in node2vec.
        """
        self.G = G
        self.p = p
        self.q = q
        self.use_rejection_sampling = use_rejection_sampling

• RandomWalker 是为 node2vec 实现的类，当 p，q 都为1时变成 deepwalk

2.2.simulate_walks

def simulate_walks(self, num_walks, walk_length, workers=1, verbose=0):

    G = self.G

    nodes = list(G.nodes())

    results = Parallel(n_jobs=workers, verbose=verbose, )(
        delayed(self._simulate_walks)(nodes, num, walk_length) for num in
        partition_num(num_walks, workers))

    walks = list(itertools.chain(*results))

• 实现并行

def _simulate_walks(self, nodes, num_walks, walk_length, ):
        walks = []
        for _ in range(num_walks):
            random.shuffle(nodes)
            for v in nodes:
                if self.p == 1 and self.q == 1:
                    walks.append(self.deepwalk_walk(
                        walk_length=walk_length, start_node=v))
                elif self.use_rejection_sampling:
                    walks.append(self.node2vec_walk2(
                        walk_length=walk_length, start_node=v))
                else:
                    walks.append(self.node2vec_walk(
                        walk_length=walk_length, start_node=v))
        return walks

• 以每个节点为起点 walk_length 长度的序列，循环 num_walks 次

2.3.deepwalk_walk

def deepwalk_walk(self, walk_length, start_node):
    walk = [start_node]

    while len(walk) < walk_length:
        cur = walk[-1]
        cur_nbrs = list(self.G.neighbors(cur))
        if len(cur_nbrs) > 0:
            walk.append(random.choice(cur_nbrs))
        else:
            break
    return walk

• 产生一条随机游走序列

3.train

model.train(window_size=5, iter=3,embed_size=128)
def train(self, embed_size=128, window_size=5, workers=3, iter=5, **kwargs):
    
    #这里参数size和iter
    kwargs["sentences"] = self.sentences
    kwargs["min_count"] = kwargs.get("min_count", 0)
    kwargs["vector_size"] = embed_size
    kwargs["sg"] = 1  # skip gram
    kwargs["hs"] = 1  # deepwalk use Hierarchical Softmax
    kwargs["workers"] = workers
    kwargs["window"] = window_size
    kwargs["epochs"] = iter

    print("Learning embedding vectors...")
    model = Word2Vec(**kwargs)
    print("Learning embedding vectors done!")

    self.w2v_model = model
    return model

• 构造word2vec模型返回

4.get_embeddings

embeddings = model.get_embeddings()
def get_embeddings(self, ):
    if self.w2v_model is None:
        print("model not train")
        return {}

    self._embeddings = {}
    for word in self.graph.nodes():
        self._embeddings[word] = self.w2v_model.wv[word]

    return self._embeddings

Word2Vec.wv以word为索引拿到vec

5.evaluate_embeddings

evaluate_embeddings(embeddings)
def evaluate_embeddings(embeddings):
    X, Y = read_node_label('./data/wiki/wiki_labels.txt')
    tr_frac = 0.8
    print("Training classifier using {:.2f}% nodes...".format(
        tr_frac * 100))
    clf = Classifier(embeddings=embeddings, clf=LogisticRegression())
    clf.split_train_evaluate(X, Y, tr_frac)

5.1.read_node_label

def read_node_label(filename, skip_head=False):
    fin = open(filename, 'r')
    X = []
    Y = []
    while 1:
        if skip_head:
            fin.readline()
        l = fin.readline()
        if l == '':
            break
        vec = l.strip().split(' ')
        X.append(vec[0])
        Y.append(vec[1:])
    fin.close()
    return X, Y

• 读取节点编号 x 和节点的label y，存入向量X,Y

5.2.Classifier

class Classifier(object):

    def __init__(self, embeddings, clf):
        self.embeddings = embeddings
        self.clf = TopKRanker(clf)
        self.binarizer = MultiLabelBinarizer(sparse_output=True)

    def train(self, X, Y, Y_all):
        self.binarizer.fit(Y_all)
        X_train = [self.embeddings[x] for x in X]
        Y = self.binarizer.transform(Y)
        self.clf.fit(X_train, Y)

    def evaluate(self, X, Y):
        top_k_list = [len(l) for l in Y]
        Y_ = self.predict(X, top_k_list)
        Y = self.binarizer.transform(Y)
        averages = ["micro", "macro", "samples", "weighted"]
        results = {}
        for average in averages:
            results[average] = f1_score(Y, Y_, average=average)
        results['acc'] = accuracy_score(Y, Y_)
        print('-------------------')
        print(results)
        return results

    def predict(self, X, top_k_list):
        X_ = numpy.asarray([self.embeddings[x] for x in X])
        Y = self.clf.predict(X_, top_k_list=top_k_list)
        return Y

    def split_train_evaluate(self, X, Y, train_precent, seed=0):
        state = numpy.random.get_state()

        training_size = int(train_precent * len(X))
        numpy.random.seed(seed)
        shuffle_indices = numpy.random.permutation(numpy.arange(len(X)))
        X_train = [X[shuffle_indices[i]] for i in range(training_size)]
        Y_train = [Y[shuffle_indices[i]] for i in range(training_size)]
        X_test = [X[shuffle_indices[i]] for i in range(training_size, len(X))]
        Y_test = [Y[shuffle_indices[i]] for i in range(training_size, len(X))]

        self.train(X_train, Y_train, Y)
        numpy.random.set_state(state)
        return self.evaluate(X_test, Y_test)

5.3.self.train

def train(self, X, Y, Y_all):
    self.binarizer.fit(Y_all)
    X_train = [self.embeddings[x] for x in X]
    Y = self.binarizer.transform(Y)
    self.clf.fit(X_train, Y)

MultiLabelBinarizer把标签转化为len(classType)长度的label向量，只有 y 类的位置为1，其他地方为0

5.3.1.TopKRanker

class TopKRanker(OneVsRestClassifier):
    def predict(self, X, top_k_list):
        probs = numpy.asarray(super(TopKRanker, self).predict_proba(X))
        all_labels = []
        for i, k in enumerate(top_k_list):
            probs_ = probs[i, :]
            labels = self.classes_[probs_.argsort()[-k:]].tolist()
            probs_[:] = 0
            probs_[labels] = 1
            all_labels.append(probs_)
        return numpy.asarray(all_labels)

• 以 LogisticRegression 为 estimator 构建 OneVsRestClassifier 模型，再由 TopKRanker 类继承，自定义 predict 的实现

5.4.self.evaluate

def evaluate(self, X, Y):
    top_k_list = [len(l) for l in Y]
    Y_ = self.predict(X, top_k_list)
    Y = self.binarizer.transform(Y)
    averages = ["micro", "macro", "samples", "weighted"]
    results = {}
    for average in averages:
        results[average] = f1_score(Y, Y_, average=average)
    results['acc'] = accuracy_score(Y, Y_)
    print('-------------------')
    print(results)
    return results

6.plot_embeddings

def plot_embeddings(embeddings,):
    X, Y = read_node_label('./data/wiki/wiki_labels.txt')

    emb_list = []
    for k in X:
        emb_list.append(embeddings[k])
    emb_list = np.array(emb_list)

    model = TSNE(n_components=2)
    node_pos = model.fit_transform(emb_list)

    color_idx = {}
    for i in range(len(X)):
        color_idx.setdefault(Y[i][0], [])
        color_idx[Y[i][0]].append(i)

    for c, idx in color_idx.items():
        plt.scatter(node_pos[idx, 0], node_pos[idx, 1], label=c)
    plt.legend()
    plt.show()