Haproxy搭建http负载均衡
HAProxy是一个使用C语言编写的自由及开放源代码软件,其提供高可用性、负载均衡,以及基于TCP和HTTP的应用程序代理。
HAProxy特别适用于那些负载特大的web站点,这些站点通常又需要会话保持或七层处理。HAProxy运行在当前的硬件上,完全可以支持数以万计的并发连接。并且它的运行模式使得它可以很简单安全的整合进您当前的架构中, 同时可以保护你的web服务器不被暴露到网络上。
HAProxy实现了一种事件驱动, 单一进程模型,此模型支持非常大的并发连接数。多进程或多线程模型受内存限制 、系统调度器限制以及无处不在的锁限制,很少能处理数千并发连接。事件驱动模型因为在有更好的资源和时间管理的用户空间(User-Space) 实现所有这些任务,所以没有这些问题。此模型的弊端是,在多核系统上,这些程序通常扩展性较差。这就是为什么他们必须进行优化以 使每个CPU时间片(Cycle)做更多的工作。
包括 GitHub、Bitbucket、Stack Overflow、Reddit、Tumblr、Twitter和 Tuenti在内的知名网站,及亚马逊网络服务系统都使用了HAProxy
环境准备
主机名称 | IP地址 | 需要安装应用 | 系统版本 |
---|---|---|---|
client | 192.168.160.131 | 无 | CentOS 8.5 |
LB | 192.168.160.132 | haproxy | CentOS 8.5 |
RS1 | 192.168.160.137 | httpd | CentOS 8.5 |
RS2 | 192.168.160.139 | httpd | CentOS 8.5 |
//LB、RS1、RS2都关闭防火墙和selinux
[root@LB ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@LB ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
[root@LB ~]# sed -ri 's/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
[root@RS1 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@RS1 ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
[root@RS1 ~]# sed -ri 's/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
[root@RS2 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@RS2 ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
[root@RS2 ~]# sed -ri 's/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
//RS1和RS2部署httpd
[root@RS1 ~]# yum -y install httpd
[root@RS1 ~]# echo RS1 > /var/www/html/index.html
[root@RS1 ~]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@RS1 ~]# systemctl enable httpd
[root@RS2 ~]# yum -y install httpd
[root@RS2 ~]# echo RS2 > /var/www/html/index.html
[root@RS2 ~]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@RS2 ~]# systemctl enable httpd
//下载安装包
haproxy源码包下载网站地址:https://src.fedoraproject.org/repo/pkgs/haproxy/
[root@LB ~]# wget https://src.fedoraproject.org/repo/pkgs/haproxy/haproxy-2.1.3.tar.gz/sha512/4728c1177b2bba69465cbc56b1ed73a1b2d36891ba2d94d29bb49714ad98ccfac4b52947735aded211f0cd8070002f5406ddd77cabd2f8230b00438189dd7a60/haproxy-2.1.3.tar.gz
//安装编译环境
[root@LB ~]# yum -y install make gcc pcre-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel systemd-devel
//创建haproxy用户
[root@LB ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin haproxy
//解压和安装
[root@LB ~]# tar -zxvf haproxy-2.1.3.tar.gz
[root@LB ~]# cd haproxy-2.1.3
[root@LB haproxy-2.1.3]# make clean
[root@LB haproxy-2.1.3]# make -j $(grep 'processor' /proc/cpuinfo |wc -l) \
> TARGET=linux-glibc \
> USE_OPENSSL=1 \
> USE_ZLIB=1 \
> USE_PCRE=1 \
> USE_SYSTEMD=1
[root@LB haproxy-2.1.3]# make install PREFIX=/usr/local/haproxy
[root@LB haproxy-2.1.3]# cp haproxy /usr/sbin/
//修改LB的内核参数
[root@LB ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
//修改haproxy配置文件
[root@LB ~]# mkdir /etc/haproxy/
[root@LB ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
//清空默认配置文件
global
daemon
maxconn 256
defaults
mode http
timeout connect 5000ms
timeout client 50000ms
timeout server 50000ms
frontend http-in
bind *:80
default_backend servers
backend servers
server web01 192.168.160.137:80
server web02 192.168.160.139:80
//启动haproxy,配置haproxy.service服务单元文件
[root@LB ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/haproxy.service
[Unit]
Description=HAProxy Load Balancer
After=syslog.target network.target
[Service]
ExecStartPre=/usr/local/haproxy/sbin/haproxy -f /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg -c -q
ExecStart=/usr/local/haproxy/sbin/haproxy -Ws -f /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg -p /var/run/haproxy.pid
ExecReload=/bin/kill -USR2 $MAINPID
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[root@LB ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
//启动haproxy服务
[root@LB ~]# systemctl restart haproxy
[root@LB ~]# systemctl restart rsyslog
[root@LB ~]# systemctl enable rsyslog
[root@LB ~]# systemctl restart haproxy
[root@LB ~]# systemctl enable haproxy
//配置日志信息
[root@LB ~]# vim /etc/rsyslog.conf
local0.* /var/log/haproxy.log
//客户端验证
[root@client ~]# curl http://192.168.160.132
RS1
[root@client ~]# curl http://192.168.160.132
RS2
[root@client ~]# curl http://192.168.160.132
RS1
[root@client ~]# curl http://192.168.160.132
RS2
使用WEB网页访问测试
[root@LB ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
//清空,修改为如下:
global
log 127.0.0.1 local0 info
#log loghost local0 info
maxconn 20480
#chroot /usr/local/haproxy
pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid
#maxconn 4000
user haproxy
group haproxy
daemon
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
#common defaults that all the 'listen' and 'backend' sections will
#use if not designated in their block
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
defaults
mode http
log global
option dontlognull
option httpclose
option httplog
#option forwardfor
option redispatch
balance roundrobin
timeout connect 10s
timeout client 10s
timeout server 10s
timeout check 10s
maxconn 60000
retries 3
#--------------统计页面配置------------------
listen admin_stats
bind 0.0.0.0:8189
stats enable
mode http
log global
stats uri /haproxy_stats #访问网页后缀URL
stats realm Haproxy\ Statistics
stats auth admin:admin #用户名和密码
#stats hide-version
stats admin if TRUE
stats refresh 30s
#---------------web设置-----------------------
listen webcluster
bind 0.0.0.0:80
mode http
#option httpchk GET /index.html
log global
maxconn 3000
balance roundrobin
cookie SESSION_COOKIE insert indirect nocache
server web01 192.168.160.137:80 check inter 2000 fall 5
server web02 192.168.160.139:80 check inter 2000 fall 5
//重启服务
[root@LB ~]# systemctl restart haproxy
[root@LB ~]# ss -anlt
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:8189 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
网页访问测试
用户名和密码都为admin