书生入门岛通关第二次作业

Python基础

根据链接Tutorial/docs/L0/Python/ch2_python_intro.md at camp3 · InternLM/Tutorial (github.com)逐条学习python代码

1.Python基础语法

if True:
    print('hello world!')
    print('hello python!')
else:
    print('goodbye python!')
    print('goodbye world!')

hello world!
hello python!

python基本数据类型:

• 数字Number
  • int整数
  • float浮点数
  • complex复数
• 布尔型bool
• 列表list
• 元组tuple
• 集合set
• 字典Dictionary

可以修改的是：列表list，集合set，字典Dictionary

不可以修改的是：数字Number，布尔型bool，元组tuple

#python中变量赋值的方式
a = 1
b = 2
print(a+b)
a,b = 1,2 #另一种单行赋值的方式
print(1,2)

#下面让我们来看看各种类型的数据长什么样
t_int = 1 #整数
t_float = 1.0 #浮点数
t_complex = 1.2j #复数
t_bool = True #布尔类型
t_list = [1,1,3,3,5,5] #列表
t_tuple = (1,1,3,3,5,5) #元组
t_set = {1,3,5} #集合
t_dict = {'day':18,'month':6,'year':2024} #字典

print(" t_int的类型是：",type(t_int),' t_int的值是: ',t_int)
print(" t_float的类型是：",type(t_float),' t_float的值是: ',t_float)
print(" t_complex的类型是：",type(t_complex),' t_complex的值是: ',t_complex)
print(" t_bool的类型是：",type(t_bool),' t_bool的值是: ',t_bool)
print(" t_list的类型是：",type(t_list),' t_list的值是: ',t_list)
print(" t_tuple的类型是：",type(t_tuple),' t_tuple的值是: ',t_tuple)
print(" t_set的类型是：",type(t_set),' t_set的值是: ',t_set)
print(" t_dict的类型是：",type(t_dict),' t_int的值是: ',t_dict)

3
1 2
 t_int的类型是： <class 'int'>  t_int的值是:  1
 t_float的类型是： <class 'float'>  t_float的值是:  1.0
 t_complex的类型是： <class 'complex'>  t_complex的值是:  1.2j
 t_bool的类型是： <class 'bool'>  t_bool的值是:  True
 t_list的类型是： <class 'list'>  t_list的值是:  [1, 1, 3, 3, 5, 5]
 t_tuple的类型是： <class 'tuple'>  t_tuple的值是:  (1, 1, 3, 3, 5, 5)
 t_set的类型是： <class 'set'>  t_set的值是:  {1, 3, 5}
 t_dict的类型是： <class 'dict'>  t_int的值是:  {'day': 18, 'month': 6, 'year': 2024}

算数运算符

print("1+1 =",1+1)
print("2-1 =",2-1)
print("2*4 =",2*4)
print("2*4 =",2*4)
print("8//3 =",8//3)
print("8%5 =",8%5)
print("2**3 =",2**3)

1+1 = 2
2-1 = 1
2*4 = 8
2*4 = 8
8//3 = 2
8%5 = 3
2**3 = 8

比较运算符

a,b = 10,20
print("a>b =",a>b)
print("a<b =",a<b)
print("a>=b =",a>=b)
print("a<=b =",a<=b)
print("a==b =",a==b)
print("a!=b =",a!=b)

赋值运算符

a,b = 2,2
a += 1
b = b+1
print("a+=1,a=",a)
print("b=b+1,b=",b)

print("-"*20)
a,b = 2,2
a -= 1
b = b-1
print("a-=1,a=",a)
print("b=b-1,b=",b)

print("-"*20)
a,b = 2,2
a *= 2
b = b*2
print("a*=2,a=",a)
print("b=b*2,b=",b)

print("-"*20)
a,b = 2,2
a /= 2
b = b/2
print("a/=2,a=",a)
print("b=b/2,b=",b)

print("-"*20)
a,b = 2,2
a //= 2
b = b//2
print("a//=2,a=",a)
print("b=b//2,b=",b)

print("-"*20)
a,b = 2,2
a %= 3
b = b%3
print("a%=3,a=",a)
print("b=b%3,b=",b)

print("-"*20)
a,b = 2,2
a %= 3
b = b%3
print("a%=3,a=",a)
print("b=b%3,b=",b)

print("-"*20)
a,b = 2,2
a **= 3
b = b**3
print("a**=3,a=",a)
print("b=b**3,b=",b)

逻辑运算符

a,b = True,False
print("a and b =",a and b)
print("a or b =",a and b)
print("not b =",not a)

列表

alist = [1,2,3,4,5,6] #列表使用[]表示，每个元素之间用,隔开
print('alist :',alist)
blist = list("hello world!") #列表也可以使用list()函数将其他可迭代的对象转换为列表，比如字符串。字符串的结构我们会在字符串小节里具体介绍
print('blist :',blist)

print('elements: ','   '.join([str(i) for i in alist]))
print('正向索引:  ','   '.join([str(i) for i in range(0,len(alist))]))
print('反向索引:  ','  '.join([str(i) for i in range(-len(alist),0)]))#这里的len函数是用来获取列表长度的，后面会具体介绍

alist = [1,2,3]
blist = [4,5,6]
print('alist+blist: ',alist+blist)
print('alist*3: ',alist*3)
print('3 in alist: ',3 in alist)
print('4 in alist: ',4 in alist)

alist = [0,1,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]
print(len(alist))
print(max(alist))
print(min(alist))
alist.sort(key=None,reverse=False)
alist

元组

atuple = (1,2,3)
print(atuple[0])
print(atuple[1:3])#元组的索引与切片与列表一致

atuple = (1,2,3)
btuple = (4,5,6)
print('alist+blist: ',atuple+btuple)
print('alist*3: ',atuple*3)
print('3 in alist: ',3 in atuple)
print('4 in alist: ',4 in atuple)

atuple = (1,2,3,4)
print(len(atuple))
print(max(atuple))
print(min(atuple))

集合

#新建一个集合
aset = {1,2,3,4,5}
print('这是一个新集合: ',aset)

#新建一个空集合
aset = set()
print('这是一个空集合: ',aset)

#使用remove或discard删除集合中的指定的一个元素
bset = {3,4,5}
print('bset: ',bset)
bset.remove(3)
print('bset: ', bset)
bset.discard(4)
print('bset: ', bset)

字典

adict = {"list" : [1,2,3],'list2':[1,2,3],'interLM': 'LLM', 1:'summer camp',2:'internLM'}
#访问key为list的元素的值
print("adict['list'] :", adict['list'])
#修改key为list的元素的值
adict['list'] = [3]
print("adict['list'] = [3]后的adict: ",adict)
#删除字典中的元素
del adict['list2']
print(adict)

adict['list'] : [1, 2, 3]
adict['list'] = [3]后的adict:  {'list': [3], 'list2': [1, 2, 3], 'interLM': 'LLM', 1: 'summer camp', 2: 'internLM'}
{'list': [3], 'interLM': 'LLM', 1: 'summer camp', 2: 'internLM'}

字符串

#字符串的方法实在太多，在在这里我们只取几个比较常用的方法作为示例。
text = "Success is not final, failure is not fatal: It is the courage to continue that counts."
#首先我们把这句话中所有的字母都转换为小写
text = text.lower()
print(text)
#再用replace把所有的标点符号去掉
text = text.replace(','," ").replace(':'," ").replace('.'," ")
print(text)
#再用split把这句话拆成词组成的列表
word_list = text.split(" ")
print(word_list)
#再用join函数用，把这个列表拼会一个字符串
print(','.join(word_list))

success is not final, failure is not fatal: it is the courage to continue that counts.
success is not final  failure is not fatal  it is the courage to continue that counts 
['success', 'is', 'not', 'final', '', 'failure', 'is', 'not', 'fatal', '', 'it', 'is', 'the', 'courage', 'to', 'continue', 'that', 'counts', '']
success,is,not,final,,failure,is,not,fatal,,it,is,the,courage,to,continue,that,counts,