Spring5（2）-依赖注入

目录

一.基于配置文件的IOC

1.利用Spring容器中获取对象

2.利用配置文件注入-通过Spring给对象赋值

使用setter注入

使用构造方法注入

二.基于注解的IOC

1.利用注解获取对象 

2.利用注解注入

三.Spring配置文件的拆分和整合

四.其他

---

一.基于配置文件的IOC

1.利用Spring容器中获取对象

Step1：创建maven工程，在pom文件中添加Spring的核心jar包

    <dependencies>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-beans -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-core -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-expression -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.commons/com.springsource.org.apache.commons.logging -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
            <artifactId>com.springsource.org.apache.commons.logging</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.1</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-aop -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.wagon</groupId>
            <artifactId>wagon-provider-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.0</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

Step2：创建Spring核心配置文件

Step3：从Spring容器中获取对象

• 创建实体类
• xml文件中定义bean标签
• 创建ApplicationContext容器，并取出对象

<bean id="stu" class="pojo.Student"></bean>
    <!--    等同于Student student = new Student();
        id是创建的对象的名称,唯一标识这个bean
        class是创建对象的类型
        启动容器的同时，这个对象就被创建了
-->
    

public static void getStudent(){
//2.从Spring容器中取出对象，得先创建容器对象，并启动才能取对象
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        Student stu = (Student) ac.getBean("stu");

    }

2.利用配置文件注入-通过Spring给对象赋值

使用setter注入

要求

使用setter注入时，实体类中必须有无参构造和set方法。

因为使用setter注入时，要先创建出对象，再给对象赋值，所以要有无参构造。

 简单类型注入

通过property，name，value

public class Student {
    private String name;
    private int age;
  
    public Student() {
        System.out.println("学生无参构造");
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
}

<bean id="stu" class="pojo.Student">
    <property name="name" value="张三"></property>
    <property name="age" value="18"></property>
</bean>

引用类型注入

通过property name ref

public class Student {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private School school;

    public Student() {
        System.out.println("学生无参构造");
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public void setSchool(School school) {
        this.school = school;
    }
}

    <bean id="school" class="pojo.School">
        <property name="name" value="青岛大学"></property>
        <property name="address" value="青岛"></property>
    </bean>

    <bean id="stu" class="pojo.Student">
        <property name="name" value="张三"></property>
        <property name="age" value="18"></property>
        <property name="school" ref="school"></property>
    </bean>

引用类型的自动注入<