库的操作
创建数据库
语法:
CREATE DATABASE [IF NOT EXISTS] db_name [create_specification [, create_specification] ...]
create_specification:
[DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET charset_name
[DEFAULT] COLLATE collation_name
说明:
- 大写的表示关键字
- [] 是可选项
- CHARACTER SET: 指定数据库采用的字符集
- COLLATE: 指定数据库字符集的校验规则
创建数据库案例
创建名为 db1 的数据库:
create database db1;
结果:
mysql> create database db1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| db1 |
| helloworld |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
| test |
+--------------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
说明:当我们创建数据库没有指定字符集和校验规则时,系统使用默认字符集:utf8,校验规则是:utf8_general_ ci
创建一个使用utf8字符集的 db2 数据库:
create database db2 charset=utf8;
结果:
mysql> create database db2 charset=utf8;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show create table db2;
ERROR 1046 (3D000): No database selected
mysql> show create database db2;
+----------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| Database | Create Database |
+----------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| db2 | CREATE DATABASE `db2` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */ |
+----------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
创建一个使用utf字符集,并带校对规则的 db3 数据库:
create database db3 charset=utf8 collate
结果:
mysql> create database db3 charset=utf8 collate utf8_general_ci;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show create database db3;
+----------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| Database | Create Database |
+----------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| db3 | CREATE DATABASE `db3` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */ |
+----------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
字符集和校验规则
查看系统默认字符集以及校验规则:
show variables like 'character_set_database';
show variables like 'colletion_database';
结果:
mysql> show variables like 'character_set_database';
+------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+------------------------+-------+
| character_set_database | utf8 |
+------------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show variables like 'collation_database';
+--------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------+-----------------+
| collation_database | utf8_general_ci |
+--------------------+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
查看数据库支持的字符集:
show charset;
字符集主要是控制用什么语言。比如utf8就可以使用中文。
查看数据库支持的字符集校验规则:
show collation;
校验规则对数据库的影响
不区分大小写
创建一个数据库,校验规则使用utf8_ general_ ci[不区分大小写]
create database test1 collate utf8_general_ci;
use test1;
create table person(name varchar(20));
insert into person values('a');
insert into person values('A');
insert into person values('b');
insert into person values('B');
区分大小写
创建一个数据库,校验规则使用utf8_ bin[区分大小写]
create database test2 collate utf8_bin;
use test2
create table person(name varchar(20));
insert into person values('a');
insert into person values('A');
insert into person values('b');
insert into person values('B');
进行查询
不区分大小写的查询以及结果
mysql> use test1;
mysql> select * from person where name='a';
+------+
| name |
+------+
| a |
| A |
+------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
区分大小写的查询以及结果
mysql> use test2;
mysql> select * from person where name='a';
+------+
| name |
+------+
| a |
+------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
结果排序
不区分大小写排序以及结果:
mysql> use test1;
mysql> select * from person order by name;
+------+
| name |
+------+
| a |
| A |
| b |
| B |
+------+
区分大小写排序以及结果:
mysql> use test2;
mysql> select * from person order by name;
+------+
| name |
+------+
| A |
| B |
| a |
| b |
+------+
查看数据库
show databases;
结果:
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
显示创建语句:
show create database 数据库名;
结果:
mysql> show create database mysql;
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Database | Create Database |
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| mysql | CREATE DATABASE `mysql` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */ |
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- MySQL 建议我们关键字使用大写,但是不是必须的。
- 数据库名字的反引号``,是为了防止使用的数据库名刚好是关键字
- /*!40100 default… */ 这个不是注释,表示当前mysql版本大于4.01版本,就执行这句话
修改数据库
语法:
ALTER DATABASE db_name
[alter_spacification [,alter_spacification]...]
alter_spacification:
[DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET charset_name
[DEFAULT] COLLATE collation_name
说明:
- 对数据库的修改主要指的是修改数据库的字符集,校验规则
实例: 将 helloworld 数据库字符集改成 gbk:
修改前:
mysql> show create database helloworld;
+------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Database | Create Database |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
| helloworld | CREATE DATABASE `helloworld` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */ |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
修改后:
mysql> alter database helloworld charset=gbk;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show create database helloworld;
+------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Database | Create Database |
+------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| helloworld | CREATE DATABASE `helloworld` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET gbk */ |
+------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
数据库删除
语法:
DROP DATABASE [IF EXISTS] db_ name;
执行删除之后的结果:
- 数据库内部看不到对应的数据库
- 对应的数据库文件夹被删除,级联删除,里面的数据表全部被删
查看连接情况
语法:
show processlist;
示例:
mysql> show processlist;
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+----------+------------------+
| Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info |
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+----------+------------------+
| 20 | root | localhost | NULL | Sleep | 1935 | | NULL |
| 22 | root | localhost | NULL | Sleep | 1178 | | NULL |
| 23 | root | localhost | NULL | Query | 0 | starting | show processlist |
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+----------+------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
可以告诉我们当前有哪些用户连接到我们的MySQL,如果查出某个用户不是你正常登陆的,很有可能你的数据库被人入侵了。以后大家发现自己数据库比较慢时,可以用这个指令来查看数据库连接情况。