表的操作
创建表
语法:
CREATE TABLE table_name(
field1 datatype,
field2 datatype,
field3 datatype
) character set 字符集 collate 校验规则 engine 存储引擎;
说明:
- field 表示列名
- datatype 表示列的类型
- character set 字符集,如果没有指定字符集,则以所在数据库的字符集为准
- collate 校验规则,如果没有指定校验规则,则以所在数据库的校验规则为准
创建表案例
create table student (
id int,
name varchar(20),
password char(32)
) charset=utf8 engine MyISAM;
说明:
- 不同的存储引擎,创建表的文件不一样。
users 表存储引擎是 MyISAM ,在数据目中有三个不同的文件,分别是:
- users.frm:表结构
- users.MYD:表数据
- users.MYI:表索引
查看表结构
语法:
desc 表名;
示例:
mysql> desc student;
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| name | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | |
| password | char(32) | YES | | NULL | |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
修改表
在项目实际开发中,经常修改某个表的结构,比如字段名字,字段大小,字段类型,表的字符集类型,表的存储引擎等等。我们还有需求,添加字段,删除字段等等。这时我们就需要修改表。
ALTER TABLE tablename ADD (column datatype [DEFAULT expr][,column datatype]...);
ALTER TABLE tablename MODIfy (column datatype [DEFAULT expr][,column datatype]...);
ALTER TABLE tablename DROP (column);
示例:在student表中添加一条记录
mysql> insert into student (id, name, password) values (1, 'Jay', '123456');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from student;
+------+------+----------+
| id | name | password |
+------+------+----------+
| 1 | Jay | 123456 |
+------+------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
在users表添加一个字段,用于保存性别
mysql> alter table student add sex varchar(2);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc student;
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| name | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | |
| password | char(32) | YES | | NULL | |
| sex | varchar(2) | YES | | NULL | |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
修改name,将其长度改成60
mysql> alter table student modify name varchar(60);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc student;
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| name | varchar(60) | YES | | NULL | |
| password | char(32) | YES | | NULL | |
| sex | varchar(2) | YES | | NULL | |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
删除password列
mysql> alter table student drop password;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc student;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| name | varchar(60) | YES | | NULL | |
| sex | varchar(2) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
修改表名为users
mysql> alter table student rename users;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show tables;
+----------------------+
| Tables_in_helloworld |
+----------------------+
| users |
+----------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
将name列修改为xingming
mysql> alter table users change name xingming varchar(32);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc users;
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| xingming | varchar(32) | YES | | NULL | |
| sex | varchar(2) | YES | | NULL | |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
删除表
语法:
DROP [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF EXISTS] tbl_name [, tbl_name] ...