STL中常用拷贝和替换算法

2.4 常用拷贝和替换算法

学习目标：

• 掌握常用的拷贝和替换算法

算法简介：

• copy // 容器内指定范围的元素拷贝到另一容器中
• replace // 将容器内指定范围的旧元素修改为新元素
• replace_if // 容器内指定范围满足条件的元素替换为新元素
• swap // 互换两个容器的元素

2.4.1 copy,用的比较少。

功能描述：

• 容器内指定范围的元素拷贝到另一容器中

函数原型：

• copy(iterator beg, iterator end, iterator dest);

  // beg 开始迭代器

  // end 结束迭代器

  // dest 目标起始迭代器

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>


void Myprint1(int n) {

	cout << n << "    ";

}
bool Mycompare1(int a, int b) {

	return a > b;
}


void test01()
{
	cout << "针对内置数据类型" << endl;
	vector<int> v1;
	v1.push_back(10);
	v1.push_back(201);
	v1.push_back(3);
	v1.push_back(6);
	v1.push_back(58);
	v1.push_back(79);
	v1.push_back(6);
	v1.push_back(6);
	v1.push_back(6);
	cout << "v1里的元素如下：" << endl;

	for_each(v1.begin(), v1.end(), Myprint1); cout << endl << endl;

	vector<int> v2;

	v2.resize(v1.size());

	copy(v1.begin(), v1.end(), v2.begin());
	cout << "v2拷贝自v1，v2里的元素如下：" << endl;

	for_each(v1.begin(), v1.end(), Myprint1); cout << endl << endl;

}







int main() {
	test01();
	
	cout << endl << endl << endl;
	system("pause");
	return 0;


}

总结 ：利用copy算法在拷贝时，目标容器记得提前开辟空间

2.4.2 replace，常用

功能描述：

• 将容器内指定范围的旧元素修改为新元素

函数原型：

• replace(iterator beg, iterator end, oldvalue, newvalue);

  // 将区间内旧元素 替换成 新元素

  // beg 开始迭代器

  // end 结束迭代器

  // oldvalue 旧元素

  // newvalue 新元素

replace源码如下：

replace底层是用==号和=号实现的，所以针对自定义数据类型需要重载==号,但是不需要重载=号。
因为在创建类时，编译器会默认提供拷贝构造函数。

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>


void Myprint1(int n) {

	cout << n << "    ";

}
bool Mycompare1(int a, int b) {

	return a > b;
}


void test01()
{
	cout << "针对内置数据类型" << endl;
	vector<int> v1;
	v1.push_back(10);
	v1.push_back(201);
	v1.push_back(3);
	v1.push_back(6);
	v1.push_back(58);
	v1.push_back(79);
	v1.push_back(6);
	v1.push_back(6);
	v1.push_back(6);
	cout << "v1里的元素如下：" << endl;

	for_each(v1.begin(), v1.end(), Myprint1); cout << endl << endl;

	
	cout << "将v1里的6全部替换成666和将79替换成99后，v1变成：" << endl;
	replace(v1.begin(), v1.end(), 6, 666);
	replace(v1.begin(), v1.end(), 99, 799999);
	for_each(v1.begin(), v1.end(), Myprint1); cout << endl << endl;





}

// 针对自定义数据类型
class Person {
public:
	Person(string name, int age) :m_Name(name), m_Age(age) {

	}
	bool operator==(Person p) {
		if (this->m_Age == p.m_Age && this->m_Name == p.m_Name) {
			return 1;
		}

		return 0;
	}

	


	int m_Age;
	string m_Name;



};




class Mycompare2 {
public:
	bool operator()(Person p1, Person p2) {

		return   p1.m_Age < p2.m_Age;

	}



};

void Myprint2(Person p) {
	cout << "姓名：" << p.m_Name << "    "
		<< "年龄：" << p.m_Age << endl;
}





void test02() {
	cout << "针对自定义数据类型" << endl;
	vector<Person> v2;

	//创建数据
	Person p1("aaa", 10);
	Person p2("bbb", 5);
	Person p3("ccc", 60);
	Person p4("ddd", 30);
	Person p5("grep", 3);
	Person p6("awk", 200);
	Person p7("sed", 105);


	v2.push_back(p1);
	v2.push_back(p2);
	v2.push_back(p3);
	v2.push_back(p4);
	v2.push_back(p5);
	v2.push_back(p6);


	cout << "v2里的元素如下：" << endl;
	for_each(v2.begin(), v2.end(), Myprint2); cout << endl << endl;
	replace(v2.begin(), v2.end(), p6, p7);
	cout << "p6的姓名：" << p6.m_Name << "    "
		<< "p6的年龄：" << p6.m_Age << endl << endl;
	cout << "p7的姓名：" << p7.m_Name << "    "
		<< "p7的年龄：" << p7.m_Age << endl << endl;
	cout << "将v2容器里的p6替换成p7后，v2里的元素如下" << endl;
	for_each(v2.begin(), v2.end(), Myprint2); cout << endl << endl;



}





	int main() {
		test01();
		test02();
		cout << endl << endl << endl;
		system("pause");
		return 0;


	}

总结:replace会替换区间内满足条件的元素

2.4.3 replace_if

功能描述:

• 将区间内满足条件的元素，替换成指定元素

函数原型：

• replace_if(iterator beg, iterator end, _pred, newvalue);

  // 按条件替换元素，满足条件的替换成指定元素

  // beg 开始迭代器

  // end 结束迭代器

  // _pred 谓词

  // newvalue 替换的新元素

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>


void Myprint1(int n) {

	cout << n << "    ";

}
bool Mycompare1(int a, int b) {

	return a > b;
}

class Myreplace1 {
public:
	bool operator()(int n) {

		return n > 66;
	}


};
class Myreplace2 {
public:
	bool operator()(int n) {

		return n < 10;
	}


};

void test01()
{
	cout << "针对内置数据类型" << endl;
	vector<int> v1;
	v1.push_back(10);
	v1.push_back(201);
	v1.push_back(3);
	v1.push_back(666);
	v1.push_back(58);
	v1.push_back(79);
	v1.push_back(67);
	v1.push_back(6);
	v1.push_back(6);
	cout << "v1里的元素如下：" << endl;

	for_each(v1.begin(), v1.end(), Myprint1); cout << endl << endl;


	cout << "先将v1里大于66的元素替换成0" << endl;
	replace_if(v1.begin(), v1.end(),Myreplace1(), 0);
	for_each(v1.begin(), v1.end(), Myprint1); cout << endl << endl;
	cout << "再将容器里小于10的替换成1024后，v1变成" << endl;
	replace_if(v1.begin(), v1.end(), Myreplace2(), 1024);
	for_each(v1.begin(), v1.end(), Myprint1); cout << endl<<endl<<endl ;





}

// 针对自定义数据类型
class Person {
public:
	Person(string name, int age) :m_Name(name), m_Age(age) {

	}
	bool operator==(Person p) {
		if (this->m_Age == p.m_Age && this->m_Name == p.m_Name) {
			return 1;
		}

		return 0;
	}




	int m_Age;
	string m_Name;



};




class Mycompare2 {
public:
	bool operator()(Person p1, Person p2) {

		return   p1.m_Age < p2.m_Age;

	}



};

void Myprint2(Person p) {
	cout << "姓名：" << p.m_Name << "    "
		<< "年龄：" << p.m_Age << endl;
}

bool Myreplace3(Person p) {

	return p.m_Age >= 38;

}
bool Myreplace4(Person p) {

	return p.m_Age <66;

}


void test02() {
	cout << "针对自定义数据类型" << endl;
	vector<Person> v2;

	//创建数据
	Person p1("aaa", 10);
	Person p2("bbb", 5);
	Person p3("ccc", 60);
	Person p4("ddd", 30);
	Person p5("grep", 3);
	Person p6("awk", 200);
	Person p7("sed", 105);

	Person p8("Shell", 3060);
	v2.push_back(p1);
	v2.push_back(p2);
	v2.push_back(p3);
	v2.push_back(p4);
	v2.push_back(p5);
	v2.push_back(p6);


	cout << "v2里的元素如下：" << endl;
	for_each(v2.begin(), v2.end(), Myprint2); cout << endl << endl;
	replace(v2.begin(), v2.end(), p6, p7);
	cout << "p7的姓名：" << p7.m_Name << "    "
		<< "p7的年龄：" << p7.m_Age << endl << endl;
	cout << "p8的姓名：" << p8.m_Name << "    "
		<< "p8的年龄：" << p8.m_Age << endl << endl;
	cout << "现将v2里年龄大于等于38的全部替换为p7" << endl;
	replace_if(v2.begin(), v2.end(), Myreplace3,p7);
	for_each(v2.begin(), v2.end(), Myprint2); cout << endl << endl;

	cout << "再将v2里年龄小于66的全部替换成p8" << endl;
	replace_if(v2.begin(), v2.end(), Myreplace4, p8);
	for_each(v2.begin(), v2.end(), Myprint2); cout << endl << endl;
}





int main() {
	test01();
	test02();
	cout << endl << endl << endl;
	system("pause");
	return 0;


}

总结:replace_if按条件查找，可以利用仿函数灵活筛选满足的条件

2.4.4 swap

功能描述：

• 互换两个容器的元素

函数原型：

• swap(container c1, container c2);

  // 互换两个容器的元素

  // c1容器1

  // c2容器2

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>


void Myprint1(int n) {

	cout << n << "    ";

}
bool Mycompare1(int a, int b) {

	return a > b;
}

class Myreplace1 {
public:
	bool operator()(int n) {

		return n > 66;
	}


};
class Myreplace2 {
public:
	bool operator()(int n) {

		return n < 10;
	}


};

void test01()
{
	cout << "针对内置数据类型" << endl;
	vector<int> v1;
	v1.push_back(10);
	v1.push_back(201);
	v1.push_back(3);
	v1.push_back(666);
	v1.push_back(58);
	v1.push_back(79);
	v1.push_back(67);
	v1.push_back(6);
	v1.push_back(6);
	cout << "交换前，v1里的元素如下：" << endl;

	for_each(v1.begin(), v1.end(), Myprint1); cout << endl << endl;

	vector<int> v2;
	for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
		v2.push_back(i);
	}
	
	cout << "交换前v2里的元素如下：" << endl;

	for_each(v2.begin(), v2.end(), Myprint1); cout << endl << endl;

	swap(v1, v2);

	cout << "v1和v2互换后" << endl;

	cout << "v1里的元素如下：" << endl;

	for_each(v1.begin(), v1.end(), Myprint1); cout << endl << endl;
	cout << "v2里的元素如下：" << endl;

	for_each(v2.begin(), v2.end(), Myprint1); cout << endl << endl;
}

// 针对自定义数据类型
class Person {
public:
	Person(string name, int age) :m_Name(name), m_Age(age) {

	}
	bool operator==(Person p) {
		if (this->m_Age == p.m_Age && this->m_Name == p.m_Name) {
			return 1;
		}

		return 0;
	}




	int m_Age;
	string m_Name;



};




class Mycompare2 {
public:
	bool operator()(Person p1, Person p2) {

		return   p1.m_Age < p2.m_Age;

	}



};

void Myprint2(Person p) {
	cout << "姓名：" << p.m_Name << "    "
		<< "年龄：" << p.m_Age << endl;
}

bool Myreplace3(Person p) {

	return p.m_Age >= 38;

}
bool Myreplace4(Person p) {

	return p.m_Age < 66;

}


void test02() {
	cout << "针对自定义数据类型" << endl;
	vector<Person> v3;

	//创建数据
	Person p1("aaa", 10);
	Person p2("bbb", 5);
	Person p3("ccc", 60);
	Person p4("ddd", 30);
	Person p5("grep", 3);
	Person p6("awk", 200);
	

	
	v3.push_back(p1);
	v3.push_back(p2);
	v3.push_back(p3);
	v3.push_back(p4);
	v3.push_back(p5);
	v3.push_back(p6);


	cout << "交换前,v3里的元素如下：" << endl;
	for_each(v3.begin(), v3.end(), Myprint2); cout << endl << endl;




	vector<Person> v4;

	Person p7("sed", 105);
	Person p8("ROOT", 3060);
	Person p9("WE", 38);
	Person p10("NAVI", 1024);
	Person p11("FAZE", 228);
	Person p12("EDG", 578);
	Person p13("RNG", 4);

	v4.push_back(p7);
	v4.push_back(p8);
	v4.push_back(p9);
	v4.push_back(p10);
	v4.push_back(p11);
	v4.push_back(p12);
	v4.push_back(p13);

	cout << "交换前,v4里的元素如下：" << endl;
	for_each(v4.begin(), v4.end(), Myprint2); cout << endl << endl;
	swap(v3, v4);

	cout << "v3和v4互换后" << endl;

	cout << "v3里的元素如下：" << endl;

	for_each(v3.begin(), v3.end(), Myprint2); cout << endl << endl;
	cout << "v4里的元素如下：" << endl;

	for_each(v4.begin(), v4.end(), Myprint2); cout << endl << endl;


}






int main() {
	test01();
	test02();
	cout << endl << endl << endl;
	system("pause");
	return 0;


}

总结:swap交换容器时，注意交换的容器要同种类型