本文介绍了网络编程的基础概念，包括IP地址的获取、端口的作用及分类，以及TCP和UDP协议的区别。通过实例展示了TCP连接的客户端和服务端实现，以及UDP发送和接收数据的过程。此外，还提到了URL在资源定位中的角色。
网络编程
ip
package inetAddress;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
//测试ip
public class Demo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//查询本机地址
InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
System.out.println(inetAddress2);
InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
System.out.println(inetAddress3);
InetAddress inetAddress4 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(inetAddress4);
//查询网络ip地址
InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
System.out.println(inetAddress1);
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
端口
端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程；
-
不同的进程有不同的端口号，端口号不能冲突，用来区分软件
-
被规定0~65535
-
TCP，UDP：两个不同协议的端口号可以相同
-
端口分类
-
-
共有端口0~1023
-
- HTTP：80
- HTTPS：443
- FTP：21
- Telent：23
-
程序注册端口：1024~49151，分配给用户或程序
-
- Tomact：8080
- MySQL：3306
- Oracle：1521
-
动态，私有：49152~65535
-
netstat -ano #查看所有端口 netstat -ano|findstr"5900"#查看指定端口 tasklist|findstr"...."#查看指定端口的进程
-
package inetAddress;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class Demo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
InetSocketAddress socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1",8080);
InetSocketAddress socketAddress2 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost",8080);
System.out.println(socketAddress);
System.out.println(socketAddress2);
System.out.println(socketAddress.getAddress());
System.out.println(socketAddress.getHostName());//地址
System.out.println(socketAddress.getPort());//端口
}
}
通信协议
网络通信协议：速率，传输码率，代码结构，传输控制…
TCP/IP协议簇：实际上是一组协议，传输层。
重要：
- TCP：用户传输协议
- UDP：用户数据报协议
出名的协议：
- TCP：
- IP：网络互连协议
TCP UDP对比
TCP：打电话
- 连接，稳定
- 三次握手，四次挥手
- 客户端，服务端
- 传输完成，释放连接，效率低
UPD：发短信
- 不连接，不稳定
- 客户端，服务端，没有明确的界限
- 不管有没有准备好，都可以发给你。
TCP
客户端
1.连接服务器Socket
2.发送消息
package inetAddress.lesson01;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
//客户端
public class TcpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream os = null;
try {
//1.要知道服务器的地址,端口号
InetAddress serverIp = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
int port = 9999;
//2.创建一个socket连接
socket = new Socket(serverIp,port);
//3.发送消息 IO流
os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("你好啊".getBytes());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if (socket != null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (os != null) {
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
服务器
1.建立服务的端口 ServerSocket
2.等待用户的连接 accept
3.接受用户的消息
package inetAddress.lesson01;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
//服务端
public class TcpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
Socket socket = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
InputStream is = null;
try {
//1.我得有一个地址
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
//2.等待客户端连接过来
socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3.读取客户端的消息
is = socket.getInputStream();
//管道流
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
baos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
//关闭资源
if (baos != null) {
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (is != null) {
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket != null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (serverSocket != null) {
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
文件上传
package inetAddress.lesson01;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpServerDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.创建服务
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
//2.监听客户端的连接
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();//阻塞式监听，会一直等待客户端连接
//3.获取输入流
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//4.文件输出
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.jpg"));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len = 0;
while ((len = is.read(buffer, 0, len)) != -1) {
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知客户端我接收完毕了
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("接收完毕，可以断开".getBytes());
//关闭资源
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
}
}
package inetAddress.lesson01;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpClientDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.创建一个Socket连接
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9000);
//2.创建一个输出流
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3.读文件
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("touxiang.jpg"));
//4.写出文件
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = fis.read(buffer)) != -1) {
os.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知服务器，我已经结束了
socket.shutdownOutput();//我已经传输完了
//确定服务器接受完毕，才能断开连接
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
//String byte[]
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer2 = new byte[1024];
int len2 = 0;
while ((len2 = inputStream.read(buffer2)) != -1) {
baos.write(buffer2,0,len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
//5.关闭资源
baos.close();
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
}
}
Tomcat
服务端
- 自定义 S
- Tomca服务器 S Java后台开发
客户端
- 自定义 C
- 浏览器 B
UDP
发短信：不用连接，需要知道对方的地址！
发送消息
package inetAddress.lesson02;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
//不需要连接服务器
public class UdpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.建立一个Socket
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
//2.建个包
String msg = "你好";
//发送给谁
InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
int port = 9090;
DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(),0,msg.getBytes().length,localhost,port);
//3.发送包
socket.send(datagramPacket);
//4.关闭流
socket.close();
}
}
接收端
package inetAddress.lesson02;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
//还是要等待客户端的链接！
public class UdpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//开放端口
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
//接受数据包
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞接受
System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
//关闭链接
socket.close();
}
}
咨询
循环发送消息
package inetAddress.chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class UdpSenderDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
//准备数据：控制台读取System.in
while (true) {
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length,new InetSocketAddress("localhost",6666));
socket.send(packet);
if (datas.equals("bye")) {
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
package inetAddress.chat;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class UdpReceiveDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
while (true) {
//准备接受包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接受包裹
//断开连接
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);
System.out.println(receiveData);
if (receiveData.equals("bye")) {
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
在线咨询 ：两个人都可以是发送方，也可以是接收方
使用多线程
package inetAddress.chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkSend implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
private int fromPort;
private String toIP;
private int toPort;
public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) {
this.fromPort = fromPort;
this.toIP = toIP;
this.toPort = toPort;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
try {
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length,new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP,this.toPort));
socket.send(packet);
if (datas.equals("bye")) {
break;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
package inetAddress.chat;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkReceive implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
private int port;
private String mgsFrom;
public TalkReceive(int port,String mgsFrom) {
this.port = port;
this.mgsFrom = mgsFrom;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
//准备接受包裹
try {
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接受包裹
//断开连接
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);
System.out.println(mgsFrom+":"+receiveData);
if (receiveData.equals("bye")) {
break;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
package inetAddress.chat;
public class TalkStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//开启两个线程
new Thread(new TalkSend(7777,"localhost",9999)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888,"老师")).start();
}
}
package inetAddress.chat;
public class TalkTeacker {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new TalkSend(5555,"localhost",8888)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999,"学生")).start();
}
}
URL
统一资源定位符：定位资源，定位互联网上的某一种资源
DNS 域名解析 www.baidu.com xxx.x…x…x
就是把域名解析成一个ip
协议：//ip地址：端口/项目名/资源
从指定的地址下载到本地
package inetAddress;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
public class UrlDown {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.下载地址
URL url = new URL("http//");
//2.连接到这个资源 HTTP
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("123.txt");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
fos.write(buffer,0,len);//导出这个数据
}
fos.close();
inputStream.close();
urlConnection.disconnect();//断开连接
}
}
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