- 电感电流纹波:
Δ I L = ( V i n − V o u t ) ⋅ D ⋅ T s L \Delta I_L = \frac{(V_{in} - V_{out}) \cdot D \cdot T_s}{L} ΔIL=L(Vin−Vout)⋅D⋅Ts
- 占空比与输入输出电压关系:
V o u t V i n = D \frac{V_{out}}{V_{in}} = D VinVout=D
电感电流纹波(ΔI_L)的推导
首先,我们推导电感电流纹波的公式:
Δ I L = ( V i n − V o u t ) ⋅ D ⋅ T s L \Delta I_L = \frac{(V_{in} - V_{out}) \cdot D \cdot T_s}{L} ΔIL=L(Vin−Vout)⋅D⋅Ts
1. 导通时间(Ton)时的电感电流变化
当开关导通时,电感器两端的电压为:
V L = V i n − V o u t V_L = V_{in} - V_{out} VL=Vin−Vout
根据电感的电压电流关系:
V L = L d I L d t V_L = L \frac{dI_L}{dt} VL=LdtdIL
因此,电感电流的变化率为:
d I L d t = V i n − V o u t L \frac{dI_L}{dt} = \frac{V_{in} - V_{out}}{L} dtdIL=LVin−Vout
在导通时间内(Ton),电感电流的变化量为:
Δ I L o n = ( V i n − V o u t L ) ⋅ T o n \Delta I_{L_{on}} = \left( \frac{V_{in} - V_{out}}{L} \right) \cdot T_{on} ΔILon=(LVin−Vout)⋅Ton
2. 关断时间(Toff)时的电感电流变化
当开关关断时,电感器两端的电压为:
V L = − V o u t V_L = -V_{out} VL=−Vout
根据电感的电压电流关系:
V L = L d I L d t V_L = L \frac{dI_L}{dt} VL=LdtdIL
因此,电感电流的变化率为:
d I L d t = − V o u t L \frac{dI_L}{dt} = - \frac{V_{out}}{L} dtdIL=−LVout
在关断时间内(Toff),电感电流的变化量为:
Δ I L o f f = ( − V o u t L ) ⋅ T o f f \Delta I_{L_{off}} = \left( - \frac{V_{out}}{L} \right) \cdot T_{off} ΔILoff=(−LVout)⋅Toff
3. 总电流纹波
在一个完整的开关周期(Ts)内,总的电感电流纹波为:
Δ I L = Δ I L o n + Δ I L o f f \Delta I_L = \Delta I_{L_{on}} + \Delta I_{L_{off}} ΔIL=ΔILon+ΔILoff
由于电流的上升和下降量相等,可以忽略关断时间的电流变化量,仅考虑导通时间的电流变化量:
Δ I L = ( V i n − V o u t L ) ⋅ T o n \Delta I_L = \left( \frac{V_{in} - V_{out}}{L} \right) \cdot T_{on} ΔIL=(LVin−Vout)⋅Ton
电感电流纹波公式的简化
为了简化公式,我们用开关周期(Ts)和占空比(D)来表示导通时间和关断时间:
T o n = D ⋅ T s T_{on} = D \cdot T_s Ton=D⋅Ts
因此,电流纹波公式为:
Δ I L = ( V i n − V o u t L ) ⋅ ( D ⋅ T s ) \Delta I_L = \left( \frac{V_{in} - V_{out}}{L} \right) \cdot (D \cdot T_s) ΔIL=(LVin−Vout)⋅(D⋅Ts)
最终,电感电流纹波的公式为:
Δ I L = ( V i n − V o u t ) ⋅ D ⋅ T s L \Delta I_L = \frac{(V_{in} - V_{out}) \cdot D \cdot T_s}{L} ΔIL=L(Vin−Vout)⋅D⋅Ts
占空比(D)的推导
接下来,我们推导占空比与输入电压和输出电压之间的关系:
V o u t V i n = D \frac{V_{out}}{V_{in}} = D VinVout=D
1. 导通和关断时间的电压伏秒积平衡
在一个完整的开关周期内,电感电压的伏秒积必须平衡。即:
V L o n ⋅ T o n + V L o f f ⋅ T o f f = 0 V_{L_{on}} \cdot T_{on} + V_{L_{off}} \cdot T_{off} = 0 VLon⋅Ton+VLoff⋅Toff=0
代入电感电压值:
( V i n − V o u t ) ⋅ T o n + ( − V o u t ) ⋅ T o f f = 0 (V_{in} - V_{out}) \cdot T_{on} + (-V_{out}) \cdot T_{off} = 0 (Vin−Vout)⋅Ton+(−Vout)⋅Toff=0
2. 导通和关断时间的关系
开关周期Ts由导通时间(Ton)和关断时间(Toff)组成:
T s = T o n + T o f f T_s = T_{on} + T_{off} Ts=Ton+Toff
3. 代入导通和关断时间的公式
用占空比(D)来表示导通时间和关断时间:
T o n = D ⋅ T s T_{on} = D \cdot T_s Ton=D⋅Ts
T o f f = ( 1 − D ) ⋅ T s T_{off} = (1 - D) \cdot T_s Toff=(1−D)⋅Ts
将这些表达式代入电压伏秒积平衡公式:
( V i n − V o u t ) ⋅ ( D ⋅ T s ) + ( − V o u t ) ⋅ ( ( 1 − D ) ⋅ T s ) = 0 (V_{in} - V_{out}) \cdot (D \cdot T_s) + (-V_{out}) \cdot ((1 - D) \cdot T_s) = 0 (Vin−Vout)⋅(D⋅Ts)+(−Vout)⋅((1−D)⋅Ts)=0
4. 公式化简
将公式化简:
( V i n − V o u t ) ⋅ D + ( − V o u t ) ⋅ ( 1 − D ) = 0 (V_{in} - V_{out}) \cdot D + (-V_{out}) \cdot (1 - D) = 0 (Vin−Vout)⋅D+(−Vout)⋅(1−D)=0
V i n ⋅ D − V o u t ⋅ D − V o u t + V o u t ⋅ D = 0 V_{in} \cdot D - V_{out} \cdot D - V_{out} + V_{out} \cdot D = 0 Vin⋅D−Vout⋅D−Vout+Vout⋅D=0
V i n ⋅ D − V o u t = 0 V_{in} \cdot D - V_{out} = 0 Vin⋅D−Vout=0
最终得到占空比与输入电压和输出电压之间的关系:
D = V o u t V i n D = \frac{V_{out}}{V_{in}} D=VinVout