二、MySQL——多表查询内容

目录

-- 多表查询 -- 笛卡尔积

-- 内连接演示

-- 外连接演示

-- 自连接

子查询

-- 标量子查询

-- 列子查询

-- 行子查询

-- 表子查询

 多表查询总结

-- 多表查询练习

---

-- 准备数据
create table dept(
    id   int auto_increment comment 'ID' primary key,
    name varchar(50) not null comment '部门名称'
)comment '部门表';

create table emp(
    id  int auto_increment comment 'ID' primary key,
    name varchar(50) not null comment '姓名',
    age  int comment '年龄',
    job varchar(20) comment '职位',
    salary int comment '薪资',
    entrydate date comment '入职时间',
    managerid int comment '直属领导ID',
    dept_id int comment '部门ID'
)comment '员工表';

-- 添加外键
alter table emp add constraint fk_emp_dept_id foreign key (dept_id) references dept(id);

INSERT INTO dept (id, name) VALUES (1, '研发部'), (2, '市场部'),(3, '财务部'), (4, '销售部'), (5, '总经办'), (6, '人事部');
INSERT INTO emp (id, name, age, job,salary, entrydate, managerid, dept_id) VALUES
            (1, '金庸', 66, '总裁',20000, '2000-01-01', null,5),

            (2, '张无忌', 20, '项目经理',12500, '2005-12-05', 1,1),
            (3, '杨逍', 33, '开发', 8400,'2000-11-03', 2,1),
            (4, '韦一笑', 48, '开发',11000, '2002-02-05', 2,1),
            (5, '常遇春', 43, '开发',10500, '2004-09-07', 3,1),
            (6, '小昭', 19, '程序员鼓励师',6600, '2004-10-12', 2,1),

            (7, '灭绝', 60, '财务总监',8500, '2002-09-12', 1,3),
            (8, '周芷若', 19, '会计',48000, '2006-06-02', 7,3),
            (9, '丁敏君', 23, '出纳',5250, '2009-05-13', 7,3),

            (10, '赵敏', 20, '市场部总监',12500, '2004-10-12', 1,2),
            (11, '鹿杖客', 56, '职员',3750, '2006-10-03', 10,2),
            (12, '鹤笔翁', 19, '职员',3750, '2007-05-09', 10,2),
            (13, '方东白', 19, '职员',5500, '2009-02-12', 10,2),

            (14, '张三丰', 88, '销售总监',14000, '2004-10-12', 1,4),
            (15, '俞莲舟', 38, '销售',4600, '2004-10-12', 14,4),
            (16, '宋远桥', 40, '销售',4600, '2004-10-12', 14,4),
            (17, '陈友谅', 42, null,2000, '2011-10-12', 1,null);

-- 多表查询 -- 笛卡尔积

select * from emp , dept where emp.dept_id = dept.id;

-- 内连接演示

-- 1. 查询每一个员工的姓名 , 及关联的部门的名称 (隐式内连接实现)
-- 表结构: emp , dept
-- 连接条件: emp.dept_id = dept.id
select emp.name , dept.name from emp , dept where emp.dept_id = dept.id ;

select e.name,d.name from emp e , dept d where e.dept_id = d.id;

-- 2. 查询每一个员工的姓名 , 及关联的部门的名称 (显式内连接实现)  --- INNER JOIN ... ON ...
-- 表结构: emp , dept
-- 连接条件: emp.dept_id = dept.id

select e.name, d.name from emp e inner join dept d  on e.dept_id = d.id;

select e.name, d.name from emp e join dept d  on e.dept_id = d.id;

-- 外连接演示

-- 1. 查询emp表的所有数据, 和对应的部门信息(左外连接)
-- 表结构: emp, dept
-- 连接条件: emp.dept_id = dept.id

select e.*, d.name from emp e left outer join dept d on e.dept_id = d.id;

select e.*, d.name from emp e left join dept d on e.dept_id = d.id;

-- 2. 查询dept表的所有数据, 和对应的员工信息(右外连接)

select d.*, e.* from emp e right outer join dept d on e.dept_id = d.id;

select d.*, e.* from dept d left outer join emp e on e.dept_id = d.id;

-- 自连接

-- 1. 查询员工 及其 所属领导的名字
-- 表结构: emp

select a.name , b.name from emp a , emp b where a.managerid = b.id;

-- 2. 查询所有员工 emp 及其领导的名字 emp , 如果员工没有领导, 也需要查询出来
-- 表结构: emp a , emp b

select a.name '员工', b.name '领导' from emp a left join emp b on a.managerid = b.id;

-- union all , union
-- 1. 将薪资低于 5000 的员工 , 和 年龄大于 50 岁的员工全部查询出来.

select * from emp where salary < 5000
union all
select * from emp where age > 50;

select * from emp where salary < 5000
union
select * from emp where age > 50;

子查询

-- 标量子查询

-- 1. 查询 "销售部" 的所有员工信息
-- a. 查询 "销售部" 部门ID
select id from dept where name = '销售部';

-- b. 根据销售部部门ID, 查询员工信息
select * from emp where dept_id = (select id from dept where name = '销售部');

-- 2. 查询在 "方东白" 入职之后的员工信息
-- a. 查询 方东白 的入职日期
select entrydate from emp where name = '方东白';

-- b. 查询指定入职日期之后入职的员工信息
select * from emp where entrydate > (select entrydate from emp where name = '方东白');

-- 列子查询

-- 1. 查询 "销售部" 和 "市场部" 的所有员工信息
-- a. 查询 "销售部" 和 "市场部" 的部门ID
select id from dept where name = '销售部' or name = '市场部';

-- b. 根据部门ID, 查询员工信息
select * from emp where dept_id in (select id from dept where name = '销售部' or name = '市场部');

-- 2. 查询比 财务部 所有人工资都高的员工信息
-- a. 查询所有 财务部 人员工资
select id from dept where name = '财务部';

select salary from emp where dept_id = (select id from dept where name = '财务部');

-- b. 比 财务部 所有人工资都高的员工信息
select * from emp where salary > all ( select salary from emp where dept_id = (select id from dept where name = '财务部') );

-- 3. 查询比研发部其中任意一人工资高的员工信息
-- a. 查询研发部所有人工资
select salary from emp where dept_id = (select id from dept where name = '研发部');

-- b. 比研发部其中任意一人工资高的员工信息
select * from emp where salary > some ( select salary from emp where dept_id = (select id from dept where name = '研发部') );

-- 行子查询

-- 1. 查询与 "张无忌" 的薪资及直属领导相同的员工信息 ;
-- a. 查询 "张无忌" 的薪资及直属领导
select salary, managerid from emp where name = '张无忌';

-- b. 查询与 "张无忌" 的薪资及直属领导相同的员工信息 ;
select * from emp where (salary,managerid) = (select salary, managerid from emp where name = '张无忌');

-- 表子查询

-- 1. 查询与 "鹿杖客" , "宋远桥" 的职位和薪资相同的员工信息
-- a. 查询 "鹿杖客" , "宋远桥" 的职位和薪资
select job, salary from emp where name = '鹿杖客' or name = '宋远桥';

-- b. 查询与 "鹿杖客" , "宋远桥" 的职位和薪资相同的员工信息
select * from emp where (job,salary) in ( select job, salary from emp where name = '鹿杖客' or name = '宋远桥' );

-- 2. 查询入职日期是 "2006-01-01" 之后的员工信息 , 及其部门信息
-- a. 入职日期是 "2006-01-01" 之后的员工信息
select * from emp where entrydate > '2006-01-01';

-- b. 查询这部分员工, 对应的部门信息;
select e.*, d.* from (select * from emp where entrydate > '2006-01-01') e left join dept d on e.dept_id = d.id ;

 多表查询总结

file:///D:/Chrome/MySQL%E5%A4%9A%E8%A1%A8%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C.svg

-- 多表查询练习

-- 数据准备

create database test1;

use test1;
-- 部门表
create table dept(
    deptno int primary key,
    dname varchar(20),
  loc varchar(20)-- 部门地址
    );
     
 insert into dept values(10,'accounting','new york');
 insert into dept values(20,'reachch','dallas');
 insert into dept values(30,'sales','chicago');
 insert into dept values(40,'operations','boston');
 
 
 -- 创建员工表
 create table emp(
    empno int primary key,
    ename varchar(20),
    job varchar(20),
    mgr int,        -- 员工直属领导的编号
    hiredate date,
    sal double,
    comm double,
    deptno int
    );

-- 添加部门和员工之间的主外键关系
alter table emp add constraint foreign key emp(deptno) references dept(deptno);

insert into emp values(7369,'smith','clerk',7902,'1980-12-17',800,null,20);
insert into emp values(7499,'allen','salesman',7698,'1981-02-20',1600,300,30); 
insert into emp values(7521,'ward','salesman',7698,'1981-02-22',1250,500,30); 
insert into emp values(7566,'jones','manager',7839,'1981-04-02',2975,null,20) ;
insert into emp values(7654,'martin','salesman',7698,'1981-09-28',1250,1400,30); 
insert into emp values(7782,'clark','manager',7839,'1981-06-09',2450,null,10);
insert into emp values(7788,'scott','analyst',7566,'1987-07-03',3000,null,20); 
insert into emp values(7839,'king','president',null,'1981-11-17',5000,null,10); 
insert into emp values(7844,'turner', 'salesman',7698,'1981-09-08',1500,0,30);
insert into emp values(7876,'adams','clerk',7788,'1987-07-13',1100,null,20) ;
insert into emp values(7900,'james','clerk',7698,'1981-12-03',950,null,30);

-- 工资等级表

create table salgrade(
grade int,
losal double,-- 最低工资
hisal double-- 最高工资
);
insert into salgrade values(1,700,1200);
insert into salgrade values(2,1209,1400);
insert into salgrade values(3,1700,2000);
insert into salgrade values(4,2000,3200);
insert into salgrade values(5,3000,9900);

-- 练习
-- 返回拥有员工的部门名、部门号
select distinct a.dname,a.deptno from dept a join emp b on a.deptno=b.deptno;

-- 工资水平对于Smith的员工信息
select *from emp where sal > (select sal from emp where ename='smith');

-- 返回员工和所属经理的名字
select a.ename,b.ename from emp a,emp b where a.mgr=b.empno;

-- 返回雇员的雇佣日期早于经理的雇佣日期的员工及经理名字
select a.ename,a.hiredate,b.ename,b.hiredate from emp a join emp b on a.mgr = b.empno and a.hiredate<b.hiredate ; 

-- 返回员工姓名和其所在的部门名字
select a.ename,b.dname from emp a join dept b on a.deptno=b.deptno;

-- 返回从事clerk工作的员工姓名和所在部门的名称
select a.ename,b.dname,a.job from emp a join dept b on a.deptno=b.deptno and job='clerk';

-- 返回工资高于30号部门所有员工工资水平的员工信息
select *from emp where sal>all(select sal from emp where deptno=30);

-- 返回员工工作及其从事工作的最低工资
select job,min(sal) from emp group by job;

-- 返回工资为二级的员工名字、部门所在地
select 
*
from dept a
join emp b on a.deptno=b.deptno
join salgrade c on grade=2 and b.sal>=c.losal and b.sal<=c.hisal;
``````````````````
select 
*
from dept a, emp b,salgrade c 
where a.deptno=b.deptno and grade=2 and b.sal>=c.losal and b.sal<=c.hisal;