1、认证介绍和源码分析
1.1–认证的实现
1、写一个类,继承BaseAuthentication,重写authenticate,认证的逻辑写在里面、
认证通过、返回两个值、一个值最终给了Request对象的user、
认证失败、抛异常--APIException或者AuthentionFailed
1.2–源码分析
1 只有认证通过的用户才能访问指定的url地址,比如:查询课程信息,需要登录之后才能查看,没有登录,就不能查看,这时候需要用到认证组件 self.initial
1、APIView--->dispatch--->self.initial(reuqest.*args.**kwargs):
self.perform_authentication(request)
self.check_permissions(request)
self.check_throttles(request)
2、'认证'self.perform_authentication(request)-->
def perform_authentication(self,request)
request.user---->
去def 的 Request类中查找 方法或属性user的get方法
3、Request: user被包装成数据属性、
@property
def user(self):
if not hasattr(self, '_user'):
with wrap_attributeerrors():
self._authenticate() **核心
return self._user
4、self._authenticate()----:
def _authenticate(self):
"""
遍历依次尝试每个身份认证请求
self._authenticators配置的一堆认证类产生的认证类对象组成的list
"""
for authenticator in self.authenticators:
'''self.authenticators: #类出初始化的时候传的
def __init__(self, request, parsers=None, authenticators=None,
negotiator=None, parser_context=None):'''
try:
'''认证器(对象)调用认证方法authenticate(认证类对象self,request请求对象)
返回值: 登录的用户与认证信息组成tuple
该方法被try包裹代表该方法会抛异常、抛异常就代表失败'''
user_auth_tuple = authenticator.authenticate(self)
except exceptions.APIException:
self._not_authenticated()
raise
if user_auth_tuple is not None:
self._authenticator = authenticator
self.user, self.auth = user_auth_tuple
return
self._not_authenticated()
5、drf的Request对象实例化是再什么时候?
-再APIVIew的dispatch最上面完成的
request = self.initialize_request(request, *args, **kwargs)
def __init__(self, request, parsers=None, authenticators=None,
negotiator=None, parser_context=None):
6、APIView的get_authenticators:
def get_authenticators(self):
return [auth() for auth in self.authentication_classes]
--authentication_classes = api_settings.DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES
-如果我再视图类中写:authentication_classes=[类名,类名1] 会覆盖drf中的配置
-返回[对象,对象1]
2、认证、权限、频率
2.1 --认证类的使用流程
-写一个类,继承BaseAuthentication
-在类中写authenticate(self, request):
-在方法中进行校验,如果校验通过,返回两个值(返回空)
-使用认证类,在视图类上加
authentication_classes = [LoginAuth,]
2.1.1–登录Views
class UserView(ViewSetMixin,CreateAPIView):
queryset = models.User.objects.all()
serializer_class_classes = []
@action(method=['POST'],detail=False)
def login(self,request):
username = request.data.get('username')
password = request.data.get('passwrod')
user = models.User.objects.fiflter(username=username,passrod=password).first()
request.session['username']=user.username
request.session['id'] = user.id
request.session.save()
from django.contrib.sessions.backends.db import SessionStore
if user:
return APIResponse(msg='登录成功',token=request.session.session_key)
else:
return APIResponse(status=101,msg='用户名或密码错误')
from rest_framework.decorators import action
@action(methon=['POST'],detail=False)
def login(self,request):
username = request.data.get('username')
passrod = request.data.get('password')
user = models.User.objects.filter(username=username,password=password).first()
token = uuid.uuid4()
models.UserToken.objects.update_or_crate(defaults={'token':token},user=user)
if user:
return APIResponse(msg='登录成功',token=token)
else:
return APIResponse(status=101,msg='用户名或密码错误')
2.1.2-- urls路由
from rest_framework.routers import SimpleRouter
from django.urls import path,include
router = SimpleRouter()
router.register('路由',voews.类名)
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/',admin.site.urls),
path('api/',include(router.urls))
]
2.1.3—认证类的编写
from django.contrib.sessions.models import Session
from importlib import import_module
form django.conf import settings
class LogiAuth(BaseAuthentication):
def authenticate(self,request):
token = request.GET.get('token')
'通过传入的token(session_key,取到当前key的session对象)'
engine = import_module(settings.SESSION_ENGINE)
self.SessionStore = engine.SessionStore
request.session = self.SessionStore(token)
Session.objects.filter(session_key=token).first()
if request.session.get('name',None):
return '',''
else:
raise AuthenticationFailed('你没有登录')
class LoginAuth(BaseAuthentication):
def authrnticate(self,request):
token=request.GET.get('token')
user_token = models.UserToken.objects.filter(token=token).first()
if user_token:
'登录了、返回两个值、第一个值给新request对象user属性、'
'通常情况把当前登录用户返回'
return user_token.user,''
else:
raise AuthenticationFailed('没有登录')
2.1.4–使用认证类(全局、局部)
REST_FRAMEWORK={
"DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES":["app01.auth.LoginAuth",]
}
authentication_classes = []
authentication_classes = [loginAuth]
2.2权限类编写和使用
2.2.1–编写权限类
class MyPermission(BasePermission):
message='没有权限'
def has_permission(self,request,view):
if request.user.user_type == 1:
return True
else:
self.message='你是%s用户,没有权限'%request.user.get_user_type_display()
return False
2.2.2–权限类的使用
permission_classes = [MyPermission,]
REST_FRAMEWORK={
"DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES":["app01.auth.MyPermission",],
}
2.3频率类的使用
2.3.1–定义一个频率类
form rest_framework.throttling import BaseThrottle,SimpleRateThrottle
class MyThrottle(SimpleRateThrottle):
scope = 'ip_th'
def get_cache_key(self,request,view):
return self.get_ident(request)
2.3.2–在配置文件中配置
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES': {
'ip_th': '5/m',
},
}
2.3.3–局部使用,全局使用
throttle_classes = [MyThrottle,]
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
"DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES": ["app01.auth.MyThrottle", ],
'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES': {
'ip_th': '5/m',
},
}
3、自定义频率类(了解-很少使用)
class MyThrottling(BaseThrottle):
VISIT_RECORD = {}
def __init__(self):
self.history = None
def allow_request(self, request, view):
ip = request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR')
import time
ctime = time.time()
if ip not in self.VISIT_RECORD:
self.VISIT_RECORD[ip] = [ctime, ]
return True
self.history = self.VISIT_RECORD.get(ip,[])
while self.history and ctime - self.history[-1] > 60:
self.history.pop()
if len(self.history) < 3:
self.history.insert(0, ctime)
return True
else:
return False
def wait(self):
import time
ctime = time.time()
return 1