Linux文件编程

目录

Linux文件编程相关的函数

打开文件函数open()

 文件的权限

 文件权限查看函数access()

文件写入数据函数write() ​

 文件光标移动函数lseek()

​编辑 读取文件数据函数read()

文件关闭函数close() 

标准C库对文件操作相关的函数 

标准C库的文件刷新缓冲区函数fflush()

标准C库的从文件流读入数据函数fgetsh()

标准C库的文件打开函数fopen()

标准C库的文件打开函数fwrite()

标准C库的文件移动光标函数fseek()

标准C库的文件移动光标函数fread()

标准C库的文件关闭函数fclose()​

linux一切皆文件，上到程序，下到设备，因此文件编程是学习Linux一个重要的版块

Linux文件编程相关的函数

打开文件函数open()

文件描述符：当内核打开一个现有文件或创建一个新文件时，都会返回一个文件描述符，文文件描述符是一个小的非负整数

下面例程打开一个文件，并设置该文件的权限 

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{

	if (argc < 2){
		printf("missing file to open\n");
		exit(-1);
	}

	int fd;
	fd = open(argv[1], O_RDWR);
	printf("fd is %d\n", fd);
	if (fd == -1){
		printf("open %s is fali\n", argv[1]);

		fd = open(argv[1], O_RDWR | O_CREAT, 0600);
		if (fd > 0){
			printf("open file is success\n");
			printf("fd is %d\n", fd);
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

 文件的权限

 

 常见的文件权限有0600,0666,0777等等

命令chmod可以修改文件的权限

如为haozige.txt添加可执行的权限：

 文件权限查看函数access()

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{

	if (argc < 2){
		printf("missing file\n");
		exit(-1);
	}

	if (access(argv[1], F_OK) == 0){
		printf("file argv[1] is existence\n");
	}else{
		printf("file argv[1] is not existence\n");
	}

	return 0;
}

文件写入数据函数write() 

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>

int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
	if(argc < 2){
		printf("missing file to open\n");
		exit(-1);
	}

	int fd;

	fd = open(argv[1],O_RDWR);
	printf("fd is %d\n",fd);
	if(fd == -1){
		printf("open %s is fali\n",argv[1]);

		fd = open(argv[1],O_RDWR|O_CREAT,0600);
		if(fd > 0){
			printf("open file is success\n");
			printf("fd is %d\n",fd);
		}
	}

	//向文件写入数据
	int writeSize;
	char str[32] = "haozige or jiangxiaoya";

	writeSize = write(fd,str,strlen(str));

	if(writeSize < 0){
		printf("file %s write data is fail\n",argv[1]);
	}else if(writeSize == 0){
		printf("write data is null\n");
	}else{
		printf("write %d data to file %s\n",writeSize,argv[1]);
	}

	return 0;
}

 文件光标移动函数lseek()

文件写入数据后，光标一般停留在文件的末端，可以使用lseek()函数移动光标

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>

int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{

    if(argc < 2){
        printf("missing file to open\n");
        exit(-1);
    }

    int fd;
    fd = open(argv[1],O_RDWR);
    printf("fd is %d\n",fd);
    if(fd == -1){
        printf("open %s is fali\n",argv[1]);

        fd = open(argv[1],O_RDWR|O_CREAT,0600);
        if(fd > 0){
            printf("open file is success\n");
            printf("fd is %d\n",fd);
        }
    }

	//向文件写入数据
	int writeSize;
	char str[32] = "haozige or jiangxiaoya";

	writeSize = write(fd,str,strlen(str));

	if(writeSize < 0){
		printf("file %s write data is fail\n",argv[1]);
	}else if(writeSize == 0){
		printf("write data is null\n");
	}else{
		printf("write %d data to file %s\n",writeSize,argv[1]);
	}

	//移动光标，获取文件长度
	int fileSize;
    lseek(fd,0,SEEK_SET);
    fileSize = lseek(fd,0,SEEK_END);
    
	if(fileSize < 0){
        printf("cursor movement failed\n");
    }else{
        printf("file %s file size is %d\n",argv[1],fileSize);
    }


    return 0;
}

 读取文件数据函数read()

在读文件之前一定要用lseek()函数将光标移动到文件开头

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>

int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{

    if(argc < 2){
        printf("missing file to open\n");
        exit(-1);
    }

    int fd;
    fd = open(argv[1],O_RDWR);
    printf("fd is %d\n",fd);
    if(fd == -1){
        printf("open %s is fali\n",argv[1]);

        fd = open(argv[1],O_RDWR|O_CREAT,0600);
        if(fd > 0){
            printf("open file is success\n");
            printf("fd is %d\n",fd);
        }
    }

	//向文件写入数据
	int writeSize;
	char str[32] = "haozige or jiangxiaoya";

	writeSize = write(fd,str,strlen(str));

	if(writeSize < 0){
		printf("file %s write data is fail\n",argv[1]);
	}else if(writeSize == 0){
		printf("write data is null\n");
	}else{
		printf("write %d data to file %s\n",writeSize,argv[1]);
	}

	//移动光标，获取文件长度
	int fileSize;
    lseek(fd,0,SEEK_SET);
    fileSize = lseek(fd,0,SEEK_END);
    
	if(fileSize < 0){
        printf("cursor movement failed\n");
    }else{
        printf("file %s file size is %d\n",argv[1],fileSize);
    }

    //读文件数据
	lseek(fd,0,SEEK_SET);
    int readSize;
    char *readBuf;
    readBuf = (char *)malloc(fileSize*sizeof(char));
    readSize = read(fd,readBuf,fileSize);
    if(readSize < 0){
        printf("read file %s is fail\n",argv[1]);
    }else{
        printf("read %d data from file %s,content is %s\n",readSize,argv[1],readBuf);
    }
	
    return 0;
}

文件关闭函数close() 

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>

int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{

    if(argc < 2){
        printf("missing file to open\n");
        exit(-1);
    }

    int fd;
    fd = open(argv[1],O_RDWR);
    printf("fd is %d\n",fd);
    if(fd == -1){
        printf("open %s is fali\n",argv[1]);

        fd = open(argv[1],O_RDWR|O_CREAT,0600);
        if(fd > 0){
            printf("open file is success\n");
            printf("fd is %d\n",fd);
        }
    }

	//向文件写入数据
	int writeSize;
	char str[32] = "haozige or jiangxiaoya";

	writeSize = write(fd,str,strlen(str));

	if(writeSize < 0){
		printf("file %s write data is fail\n",argv[1]);
	}else if(writeSize == 0){
		printf("write data is null\n");
	}else{
		printf("write %d data to file %s\n",writeSize,argv[1]);
	}

	//移动光标，获取文件长度
	int fileSize;
    lseek(fd,0,SEEK_SET);
    fileSize = lseek(fd,0,SEEK_END);
    
	if(fileSize < 0){
        printf("cursor movement failed\n");
    }else{
        printf("file %s file size is %d\n",argv[1],fileSize);
    }

    //读取文件数据
	lseek(fd,0,SEEK_SET);
    int readSize;
    char *readBuf;
    readBuf = (char *)malloc(fileSize*sizeof(char));
    readSize = read(fd,readBuf,fileSize);
    if(readSize < 0){
        printf("read file %s is fail\n",argv[1]);
    }else{
        printf("read %d data from file %s,content is %s\n",readSize,argv[1],readBuf);
    }

    //关闭文件
	close(fd);

    return 0;
}

标准C库对文件操作相关的函数 

标准C库的文件刷新缓冲区函数fflush()

标准C库的从文件流读入数据函数fgetsh()

标准C库的文件打开函数fopen()

标准C库的文件打开函数fwrite()

标准C库的文件移动光标函数fseek()

标准C库的文件移动光标函数fread()

标准C库的文件关闭函数fclose()