一、项目需求
现有产品优化，将原有的Excel三级联动功能升级为四级联动，考虑到未来产品可能会有更多层级的联动功能，故抽取出来成为一个通用方法。
二、解决方案
使用POI技术，将需要联动的数据写入Excel中。
三、适用场景
对任意的Excel文件，实现在指定行、指定列插入N级联动。
四、使用方法
1、导入jar包
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi</artifactId>
<version>5.2.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId>
<version>5.2.3</version>
</dependency>
2、导入工具类
Java代码中导入ExcelUtils和CharStatusEnum两个类，CharStatusEnum为字符枚举类，对应匹配ExcelUtils中入参的起始列。
package com.excel.utils;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.*;
import org.apache.poi.ss.util.CellRangeAddressList;
import org.apache.poi.util.IOUtils;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFDataValidationConstraint;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFDataValidationHelper;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFSheet;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
public class ExcelUtils {
private static final Integer ENDROW = 3000;
/**
* @param filePath 文件路径
* @param mapOneList 一级数据
* @param map N级数据（需递归获取每层数据，统一封装为map）
* @param startRow 开始插入行
* @param startCol 开始插入列
* @param levels N级联动
*/
public static void export(String filePath, List<String> mapOneList, Map<String, List<String>> map, Integer startRow, Integer startCol, Integer levels) throws Exception {
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(filePath);
// 1、创建Excel
Workbook workbook = WorkbookFactory.create(fis);
Sheet mainSheet = workbook.getSheetAt(0);
//2、N级联动 sheet
Sheet mapSheet = workbook.createSheet("SHEET_MAP");
//联动关系写入mapSheet
workbook.setSheetHidden(workbook.getSheetIndex(mapSheet), true);// 设置sheet是否隐藏
// 3、将数据写入隐藏的sheet中并做好关联关系
writeData(workbook, mapSheet, mapOneList, map);//
// 4、设置数据有效性----CharStatusEnum.A从第几列开始插入，A从第1列，B第二列
for (CharStatusEnum charStatusEnum : CharStatusEnum.values()) {
if (charStatusEnum.getValue() == startCol) {
setDataValid(workbook, mainSheet, mapOneList, charStatusEnum, startRow, levels);
}
}
FileOutputStream os = null;
try {
String exisname = filePath.substring(0, filePath.lastIndexOf("\\"));
File f = new File(exisname);
if (!f.exists()) {
f.mkdirs();
}
// 创建可写入的Excel工作簿
File file = new File(filePath);
if (!file.exists()) {
boolean bool = file.createNewFile();
System.out.println(bool);
} else {
file.delete();
file.createNewFile();
}
os = new FileOutputStream(filePath);
workbook.write(os);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
IOUtils.closeQuietly(os);
}
}
private static void writeData(Workbook hssfWorkBook, Sheet mapSheet, List<String> provinceList, Map<String, List<String>> siteMap) {
//循环将父数据写入siteSheet的第1行中
int siteRowId = 0;
Row provinceRow = mapSheet.createRow(siteRowId);
provinceRow.createCell(0).setCellValue("父列表");
for (int i = 0; i < provinceList.size(); i++) {
//有多少个省，创建多少个下拉框
provinceRow.createCell(i + 1).setCellValue(provinceList.get(i));
}
// 将具体的数据写入到每一行中，行开头为父级区域，后面是子区域。
Iterator<String> keyIterator = siteMap.keySet().iterator();
while (keyIterator.hasNext()) {
String key = keyIterator.next();
List<String> son = siteMap.get(key);
Row siteRow = mapSheet.createRow(siteRowId++);
siteRow.createCell(0).setCellValue(key);
for (int i = 0; i < son.size(); i++) {
siteRow.createCell(i + 1).setCellValue(son.get(i));
}
// 添加名称管理器: 偏移量、第几行、一共多少列
String range = getRange(1, siteRowId, son.size());
Name name = hssfWorkBook.createName();
name.setNameName(key);
String formula = mapSheet.getSheetName() + "!" + range;
name.setRefersToFormula(formula);
}
}
/**
* 计算formula
*
* @param offset 偏移量，如果给0，表示从A列开始，1，就是从B列
* @param rowId 第几行
* @param colCount 一共多少列
* @return 如果给入参 1,1,10. 表示从B1-K1。最终返回 $B$1:$K$1
*/
private static String getRange(int offset, int rowId, int colCount) {
char start = (char) ('A' + offset);
if (colCount <= 25) {
char end = (char) (start + colCount - 1);
return "$" + start + "$" + rowId + ":$" + end + "$" + rowId;
} else {
char endPrefix = 'A';
char endSuffix = 'A';
if ((colCount - 25) / 26 == 0 || colCount == 51) {// 26-51之间，包括边界（仅两次字母表计算）
if ((colCount - 25) % 26 == 0) {// 边界值
endSuffix = (char) ('A' + 25);
} else {
endSuffix = (char) ('A' + (colCount - 25) % 26 - 1);
}
} else {// 51以上
if ((colCount - 25) % 26 == 0) {
endSuffix = (char) ('A' + 25);
endPrefix = (char) (endPrefix + (colCount - 25) / 26 - 1);
} else {
endSuffix = (char) ('A' + (colCount - 25) % 26 - 1);
endPrefix = (char) (endPrefix + (colCount - 25) / 26);
}
}
return "$" + start + "$" + rowId + ":$" + endPrefix + endSuffix + "$" + rowId;
}
}
private static void setDataValid(Workbook workbook, Sheet mainSheet, List<String> provinceList, CharStatusEnum charEnum, Integer startRow, Integer levels) {
//设置省份下拉
DataValidationHelper dvHelper = new XSSFDataValidationHelper((XSSFSheet) mainSheet);
String[] dataArray = provinceList.toArray(new String[0]);
Sheet hidden = workbook.createSheet("hidden");
Cell cell = null;
for (int i = 0, length = dataArray.length; i < length; i++) {
String name = dataArray[i];
Row row = hidden.createRow(i);
cell = row.createCell(0);
cell.setCellValue(name);
}
Name namedCell = workbook.createName();
namedCell.setNameName("hidden");
namedCell.setRefersToFormula("hidden!$A$1:$A$" + dataArray.length);
//加载数据,将名称为hidden的
XSSFDataValidationConstraint constraint = new XSSFDataValidationConstraint(DataValidationConstraint.ValidationType.LIST, "hidden");
// 四个参数分别是：起始行、终止行、起始列、终止列.
CellRangeAddressList provinceRangeAddressList = new CellRangeAddressList(startRow - 1, ENDROW, charEnum.getValue() - 1, charEnum.getValue() - 1);
DataValidation provinceDataValidation = dvHelper.createValidation(constraint, provinceRangeAddressList);
provinceDataValidation.createErrorBox("error", "请选择正确");
provinceDataValidation.setShowErrorBox(true);
// 设置sheet是否隐藏
workbook.setSheetHidden(workbook.getSheetIndex(hidden), true);
mainSheet.addValidationData(provinceDataValidation);
// 设置非第一层级的数据下拉
for (int i = 0; i <= 10; i++) {
// setDataValidation('B', mainSheet, i + 1, 2);// "B"是指父类所在的列，i+1初始值为1代表从第2行开始
// 2要与“B”对应，为B的列号加1，假如第一个参数为“C”，那么对应的第四个参数就为3
setDataValidation(charEnum.getCharacter(), mainSheet, i + 1, charEnum.getValue(), levels);
}
}
/**
* 设置有效性
*
* @param offset 主影响单元格所在列，即此单元格由哪个单元格影响联动
* @param sheet
* @param rowNum 行数
* @param colNum 列数
*/
private static void setDataValidation(char offset, Sheet sheet, int rowNum, int colNum, Integer levels) {
DataValidationHelper dvHelper = new XSSFDataValidationHelper((XSSFSheet) sheet);
for (Integer i = 0; i < levels - 1; i++) {
sheet.addValidationData(getDataValidationByFormula("INDIRECT($" + (char) (offset + i) + (rowNum) + ")", rowNum - 1, colNum + i, dvHelper));
}
}
private static DataValidation getDataValidationByFormula(String formulaString, int naturalRowIndex, int naturalColumnIndex, DataValidationHelper dvHelper) {
DataValidationConstraint dvConstraint = dvHelper.createFormulaListConstraint(formulaString);
CellRangeAddressList regions = new CellRangeAddressList(naturalRowIndex, 65535, naturalColumnIndex, naturalColumnIndex);
DataValidation data_validation_list = dvHelper.createValidation(dvConstraint, regions);
data_validation_list.setEmptyCellAllowed(false);
if (data_validation_list instanceof XSSFDataValidationHelper) {
data_validation_list.setShowErrorBox(true);
} else {
// data_validation_list.setSuppressDropDownArrow(false);
}
// 设置输入信息提示信息
data_validation_list.createPromptBox("下拉选择提示", "请使用下拉方式选择合适的值！");
return data_validation_list;
}
}
package com.excel.utils;
import java.util.*;
/**
* 三级联动指定插入位置，eg: B为指定第二列插入，C为指定第三列插入
*/
public enum CharStatusEnum {
A('A',1), B('B',2), C('C',3),
D('D',4),E('E',5),F('F',6),
G('G',7),H('H',8),I('I',9),J('J',10);
private char character;
private int value;
//构造方法
CharStatusEnum(char character, int value) {
this.character=character;
this.value=value;
}
//自定义方法
public void setCharacter(char character){
this.character=character;
}
public void setValue(int value){
this.value=value;
}
public char getCharacter() {
return character;
}
public int getValue() {
return value;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "CharStatusEnum{" +
"character=" + character +
", value=" + value +
'}';
}
}
3、测试代码
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String filePath = "C:\\Users\\白杉\\Desktop\\测试级联.xlsx";
//所有一级
List<String> mapOneList = new ArrayList<String>();
mapOneList.add("广东省");
mapOneList.add("湖北省");
mapOneList.add("安徽省");
//一二级关系map
Map<String, List<String>> map = new HashMap<String, List<String>>();
map.put("广东省", Arrays.asList("广州市", "佛山市"));
map.put("湖北省", Arrays.asList("武汉市", "荆州市"));
map.put("广州市", Arrays.asList("白云区", "越秀区"));
map.put("佛山市", Arrays.asList("顺德区", "南海区"));
map.put("安徽省", Arrays.asList("合肥市", "芜湖市"));
map.put("合肥市", Arrays.asList("肥东县", "肥西县"));
map.put("肥东县", Arrays.asList("西山镇","店埠"));
map.put("西山镇", Arrays.asList("西山镇123","店埠123"));
//第2行第3列插入5级联动
ExcelUtilsFinal11.export(filePath,mapOneList,map,2,3,5);
}
4、效果图
导入前:
导入后：（数据节点有几级，该层级则联动到几级）
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