怎么声明一个不可被继承的类？这个类的应用场景？

用final修饰的类不可被继承

这篇文章有对final的详解：final详解

应用场景：类中所有方法都没有被重写的需要。

比如Math这样的类，类中所有方法都没有被重写的需要。

//代码来源于Math类的源码，只截取了部分
public final class Math {

    /**
     * Don't let anyone instantiate this class.
     */
    private Math() {}

    /**
     * The {@code double} value that is closer than any other to
     * <i>e</i>, the base of the natural logarithms.
     */
    public static final double E = 2.7182818284590452354;

    /**
     * The {@code double} value that is closer than any other to
     * <i>pi</i>, the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its
     * diameter.
     */
    public static final double PI = 3.14159265358979323846;

    /**
     * Returns the trigonometric sine of an angle.  Special cases:
     * <ul><li>If the argument is NaN or an infinity, then the
     * result is NaN.
     * <li>If the argument is zero, then the result is a zero with the
     * same sign as the argument.</ul>
     *
     * <p>The computed result must be within 1 ulp of the exact result.
     * Results must be semi-monotonic.
     *
     * @param   a   an angle, in radians.
     * @return  the sine of the argument.
     */
    public static double sin(double a) {
        return StrictMath.sin(a); // default impl. delegates to StrictMath
    }

    /**
     * Returns the trigonometric cosine of an angle. Special cases:
     * <ul><li>If the argument is NaN or an infinity, then the
     * result is NaN.</ul>
     *
     * <p>The computed result must be within 1 ulp of the exact result.
     * Results must be semi-monotonic.
     *
     * @param   a   an angle, in radians.
     * @return  the cosine of the argument.
     */
    public static double cos(double a) {
        return StrictMath.cos(a); // default impl. delegates to StrictMath
    }

    /**
     * Returns the trigonometric tangent of an angle.  Special cases:
     * <ul><li>If the argument is NaN or an infinity, then the result
     * is NaN.
     * <li>If the argument is zero, then the result is a zero with the
     * same sign as the argument.</ul>
     *
     * <p>The computed result must be within 1 ulp of the exact result.
     * Results must be semi-monotonic.
     *
     * @param   a   an angle, in radians.
     * @return  the tangent of the argument.
     */
    public static double tan(double a) {
        return StrictMath.tan(a); // default impl. delegates to StrictMath
    }

    /**
     * Returns the arc sine of a value; the returned angle is in the
     * range -<i>pi</i>/2 through <i>pi</i>/2.  Special cases:
     * <ul><li>If the argument is NaN or its absolute value is greater
     * than 1, then the result is NaN.
     * <li>If the argument is zero, then the result is a zero with the
     * same sign as the argument.</ul>
     *
     * <p>The computed result must be within 1 ulp of the exact result.
     * Results must be semi-monotonic.
     *
     * @param   a   the value whose arc sine is to be returned.
     * @return  the arc sine of the argument.
     */
    public static double asin(double a) {
        return StrictMath.asin(a); // default impl. delegates to StrictMath
    }

    /**
     * Returns the arc cosine of a value; the returned angle is in the
     * range 0.0 through <i>pi</i>.  Special case:
     * <ul><li>If the argument is NaN or its absolute value is greater
     * than 1, then the result is NaN.</ul>
     *
     * <p>The computed result must be within 1 ulp of the exact result.
     * Results must be semi-monotonic.
     *
     * @param   a   the value whose arc cosine is to be returned.
     * @return  the arc cosine of the argument.
     */
    public static double acos(double a) {
        return StrictMath.acos(a); // default impl. delegates to StrictMath
    }

补充一个小知识

Math类的构造器是被private修饰的，意味着它是无法被new的。既然要让它没办法被实例化，又要让它的方法能够被使用，怎么办呐？

那就是给类中所有方法都加上static修饰，变成静态方法（类方法），只要类被加载了，就可以调用。