React---井字棋游戏练习代码优化

对于官方给出的如下优化建议进行了优化：

1. 在游戏历史记录列表显示每一步棋的坐标，格式为 (列号, 行号)。
2. 在历史记录列表中加粗显示当前选择的项目。
3. 使用两个循环来渲染出棋盘的格子，而不是在代码里写死（hardcode）。
4. 添加一个可以升序或降序显示历史记录的按钮。
5. 每当有人获胜时，高亮显示连成一线的 3 颗棋子。
6. 当无人获胜时，显示一个平局的消息。

1. 在游戏历史记录列表显示每一步棋的坐标，格式为 (列号, 行号)。

在Game组件中新增属性index，用来记录当前落子位置。

 this.state = {
      history: [
        {
          ... 
          index: -1,
        }
      ],
    };

当落子时，该值改变。

handleClick(i) {
    ...
    this.setState({
      history: history.concat([
        {
          ...
          index: i,
        }
      ]),
    });
  }

改变历史记录的文字，添加上坐标。

const desc = move ?
`Go to move #${move}: (${Math.floor(step.index/3)+1},${step.index%3 +1})` 
:
'Go to game start';

2. 在历史记录列表中加粗显示当前选择的项目。

css文件添加字体加粗样式。

.bold-font{
  font-weight: 900;
}

Game组件state中添加用来控制每一个历史记录按钮的属性数组。

this.state = {
      ...
      boldClass: Array(9).fill(null),
};

为每一个历史记录按钮绑定该属性。

const moves = history.map((step, move) => {
      ...
      return (
        <li key={move}>
          <button
            variant="outlined"
            className={this.state.boldClass[move]}
            onClick={() => this.jumpTo(move)}>
              {desc}
          </button>
        </li>
      );
    });

点击该历史记录按钮时将其属性改变为字体加粗属性。

jumpTo(step) {
    const boldClass = Array(9).fill(null);
    boldClass[step] = 'bold-font';
    this.setState({
      stepNumber: step,
      xIsNext: (step % 2) === 0,
      boldClass: boldClass
    });
  }
  

3. 使用两个循环来渲染出棋盘的格子，而不是在代码里写死（hardcode）。

在Board组件的render函数中用两个循环进行渲染，注意加上key。

render() {
    const board = Array(3).fill(null).map((item,index1)=>{
      const boardRow = Array(3).fill(null).map((item,index2)=>{
        return (
            this.renderSquare(index1*3+index2)
        );
      });
      return (
        <div className="board-row" key={index1}>
          {boardRow}
        </div>
      );
    })
    return (
      <div>
        {board}
      </div>
    );
}

4. 添加一个可以升序或降序显示历史记录的按钮。

在Game组件的render函数中添加一对按钮。（这里引入了material-ui组件）

import {Button,ButtonGroup } from '@material-ui/core';
...
<div className="game-info">
          <div>{status}</div>
          <div className="game-sort">
            <span>历史记录排序：</span>
            <ButtonGroup size="small" color="primary" aria-label="large outlined primary button group">
              <Button onClick={()=>{this.setState({isAsc: true})}}>升序</Button>
              <Button onClick={()=>{this.setState({isAsc: false})}}> 降序</Button>
            </ButtonGroup>
          </div>
          <ol>{moves}</ol>

实现降序升序功能：
添加isAsc变量判断降序还是升序。如果是升序，什么都不做。如果是降序，就改变历史记录的下标，使其为倒叙。

const moves = history.map((step, move) => {
      if(!this.state.isAsc){
        move = history.length - move - 1;
      }
      ...
      return (
        <li key={move}>
          <button
            variant="outlined"
            className={this.state.boldClass[move]}
            onClick={() => this.jumpTo(move)}>
              {desc}
          </button>
        </li>
      );
    });

5. 每当有人获胜时，高亮显示连成一线的 3 颗棋子。

添加高亮属性。

.x-line{
  background: lightcyan;
}

.o-line{
  background: peachpuff;
}

当有赢家出现时，添加相应属性：

handleClick(i) {
    const history = this.state.history.slice(0, this.state.stepNumber + 1);
    const current = history[history.length - 1];
    const squares = current.squares.slice();
    const oClass =  current.oClass.slice();
    if (calculateWinner(squares)||squares[i]) {
      return;
    }
    squares[i] = this.state.xIsNext ? "X" : "O";
    oClass[i] = this.state.xIsNext ? 'square' : 'square o-font';
    const winner = calculateWinner(squares);
    if(winner){
      winner.line.map((item) => {
      if(winner.who ==='X'){
          oClass[item] = oClass[item].concat(' x-line');
      } else{
          oClass[item] = oClass[item].concat(' o-line');
      }
      });
      console.log(33, oClass);
    }

    this.setState({
      history: history.concat([
        {
          squares: squares,
          index: i,
          oClass: oClass
        }
      ]),
      stepNumber: history.length,
      xIsNext: !this.state.xIsNext,
    });
  }

6. 当无人获胜时，显示一个平局的消息。

如果没有出现赢家且棋下满了则为平局。

if (winner) {
      status = "Winner: " + winner.who;
    } else if(!current.squares.includes(null)) {
      status = 'no one win ~'
    }
    else {
      status = "Next player: " + (this.state.xIsNext ? "X" : "O");
}

完整代码如下：

index.css

body {
  font: 14px "Century Gothic", Futura, sans-serif;
  margin: 20px;
}

ol, ul {
  padding-left: 30px;
}

.board-row:after {
  clear: both;
  content: "";
  display: table;
}

.status {
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.square {
  background: #fff;
  border: 1px solid #999;
  float: left;
  font-size: 24px;
  font-weight: bold;
  line-height: 34px;
  height: 34px;
  margin-right: -1px;
  margin-top: -1px;
  padding: 0;
  text-align: center;
  width: 34px;
  color: skyblue;
}

.square:focus {
  outline: none;
}

.kbd-navigation .square:focus {
  background: #ddd;
}

.game {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: row;
}

.game-info {
  margin-left: 20px;
}

.game-sort{
  margin-left: 20px;
  margin-top: 20px;
}

.bold-font{
  font-weight: 900;
}

.o-font{
  color: coral;
}

.x-line{
  background: lightcyan;
}

.o-line{
  background: peachpuff;
}

index.js

import React from 'react';
import ReactDOM from 'react-dom';
import {Button,ButtonGroup } from '@material-ui/core';
import './index.css';

function Square(props){
  return (
    <button 
      className={props.o} 
      onClick={props.onClick}>
      {props.value}
    </button>
  );
  
}

class Board extends React.Component {
  renderSquare(i) {
    return (
      <Square
        value={this.props.squares[i]}
        onClick={() => this.props.onClick(i)}
        key={i}
        o={this.props.o[i]}
      />
    );
  }

  render() {
    const board = Array(3).fill(null).map((item,index1)=>{
      const boardRow = Array(3).fill(null).map((item,index2)=>{
        return (
            this.renderSquare(index1*3+index2)
        );
      });
      return (
        <div className="board-row" key={index1}>
          {boardRow}
        </div>
      );
    })
    return (
      <div>
        {board}
      </div>
    );
  }
}

class Game extends React.Component {
  constructor(props) {
    super(props);
    this.state = {
      history: [
        {
          squares: Array(9).fill(null),
          index: -1,
          oClass: Array(9).fill('square')
        }
      ],
      stepNumber: 0,
      xIsNext: true,
      boldClass: Array(9).fill(null),
      isAsc: true,
    };
  }

  handleClick(i) {
    const history = this.state.history.slice(0, this.state.stepNumber + 1);
    const current = history[history.length - 1];
    const squares = current.squares.slice();
    const oClass =  current.oClass.slice();
    if (calculateWinner(squares)||squares[i]) {
      return;
    }
    squares[i] = this.state.xIsNext ? "X" : "O";
    oClass[i] = this.state.xIsNext ? 'square' : 'square o-font';
    const winner = calculateWinner(squares);
    if(winner){
      winner.line.map((item) => {
      if(winner.who ==='X'){
          oClass[item] = oClass[item].concat(' x-line');
      } else{
          oClass[item] = oClass[item].concat(' o-line');
      }
      });
      console.log(33, oClass);
    }

    this.setState({
      history: history.concat([
        {
          squares: squares,
          index: i,
          oClass: oClass
        }
      ]),
      stepNumber: history.length,
      xIsNext: !this.state.xIsNext,
    });
  }

  jumpTo(step) {
    const boldClass = Array(9).fill(null);
    boldClass[step] = 'bold-font';
    this.setState({
      stepNumber: step,
      xIsNext: (step % 2) === 0,
      boldClass: boldClass
    });
  }
  

  render() {
    const history = this.state.history;
    const current = history[this.state.stepNumber];
    const winner = calculateWinner(current.squares);

    const moves = history.map((step, move) => {
      if(!this.state.isAsc){
        move = history.length - move - 1;
      }
      const desc = move ?
        `Go to move #${move}: (${Math.floor(step.index/3) +1},${step.index%3 +1})` :
        'Go to game start';
      return (
        <li key={move}>
          <button
            variant="outlined"
            className={this.state.boldClass[move]}
            onClick={() => this.jumpTo(move)}>
              {desc}
          </button>
        </li>
      );
    });
    let status;
    if (winner) {
      status = "Winner: " + winner.who;
    } else if(!current.squares.includes(null)) {
      status = 'no one win ~'
    }
    else {
      status = "Next player: " + (this.state.xIsNext ? "X" : "O");
    }
    console.log(current);
    console.log(this.state.history);
    return (
      <div className="game">
        <div className="game-board">
          <Board
            squares={current.squares}
            onClick={i => this.handleClick(i)}
            o={current.oClass}
          />
        </div>
        <div className="game-info">
          <div>{status}</div>
          <div className="game-sort">
            <span>历史记录排序：</span>
            <ButtonGroup size="small" color="primary" aria-label="large outlined primary button group">
              <Button onClick={()=>{this.setState({isAsc: true})}}>升序</Button>
              <Button onClick={()=>{this.setState({isAsc: false})}}> 降序</Button>
            </ButtonGroup>
          </div>
          <ol>{moves}</ol>
        </div>
      </div>
    );
  }
}

// ========================================

ReactDOM.render(<Game />, document.getElementById("root"));

function calculateWinner(squares) {
  const lines = [
    [0, 1, 2],
    [3, 4, 5],
    [6, 7, 8],
    [0, 3, 6],
    [1, 4, 7],
    [2, 5, 8],
    [0, 4, 8],
    [2, 4, 6]
  ];
  for (let i = 0; i < lines.length; i++) {
    const [a, b, c] = lines[i];
    if (squares[a] && squares[a] === squares[b] && squares[a] === squares[c]) {
      return {line:[a,b,c], who: squares[a]};
    }
  }
  return null;
}