cin的部分应用

No.1 cin.getline()

// instr2.cpp -- reading more than one word with getline
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
    using namespace std;
    const int ArSize = 20;
    char name[ArSize];
    char dessert[ArSize];

    cout << "Enter your name:\n";
    cin.getline(name, ArSize); // reads through newline
    cout << "Enter your favorite dessert:\n";
    cin.getline(dessert, ArSize);
    cout << "I have some delicious " << dessert;
    cout << " for you, " << name << ".\n";
    return 0;
}

输出代码

Enter your name:
Dirk Hammernose
Enter your favorite dessert:
Radish Torte
I have some delicious Radish Torte for you, Dirk Hammernose.

getline函数读取整行，通过回车键输出的换行符来确定行尾。cin.getline()读取指定字符或换行符停止。
cin.getline(name,20)
name是数组，20是元素个数

No.2 cin.get()
这是一种错误编译

// numstr.cpp -- following number input with line input
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
    using namespace std;
    cout << "What year was your house built?\n";
    int year;
    cin >> year;
    cout << "What is its street address?\n";
    char address[80];
    cin.getline(address, 80);
    cout << "Year built: " << year << endl;
    cout << "Address: " << address << endl;
    cout << "Done!\n";
    return 0;
}

What year was your house built?
1966
What is its street address?
Year built: 1966
Address:
Done!

cin读取年份，回车键生成换行符留在输出队列中，cin.getline()认为是一个空行，就将一个空字符串赋值给address数组，我们要解决就是丢弃这个换行符。
我们可以单独调用

cin>>year;
cin.get();

也可以用

(cin>>year).get()

cin.get()其他用法

// instr3.cpp -- reading more than one word with get() & get()
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
    using namespace std;
    const int ArSize = 20;
    char name[ArSize];
    char dessert[ArSize];

    cout << "Enter your name:\n";
    cin.get(name, ArSize).get(); // read string, newline
    cout << "Enter your favorite dessert:\n";
    cin.get(dessert, ArSize).get();
    cout << "I have some delicious " << dessert;
    cout << " for you, " << name << ".\n";
    return 0;
}

输出

Enter your name:
Mai Parfait
Enter your favorite dessert:
Chocolate Mousse
I have some delicious Chocolate Mousse for you, Mai Parfait.

输出连在一起，这些应用需要实记。
补充：