offsetof函数的使用和宏实现

一、offsetof函数的定义

size_t offsetof(structName,memberName);
引用头文件<stddef.h>

返回结构体中一个成员在该结构体中的偏移量

二、offsetof函数的使用

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stddef.h>

struct S
{
	int a;
	char b;
	int c;
	char d;
};
int main()
{
	printf("struct S size is %d\n", sizeof(struct S));
	printf("a offsetof %u\n", offsetof(struct S, a));
	printf("b offsetof %u\n", offsetof(struct S, b));
	printf("c offsetof %u\n", offsetof(struct S, c));
	printf("d offsetof %u\n", offsetof(struct S, d));
	return 0;
}

运行结果如下：
	     struct S size is 16
	     a  offsetof  0
	     b  offsetof  4
	     c  offsetof  8
	     d  offsetof  12

三、用宏实现offsetof

#define OFFSETOF(structName,memberName)\
                  (size_t)&(((structName*)0)->memberName)

//用结构体指针为0的地址取出结构体成员，拿到成员的地址，类型转换为size_t

int main()
{
	printf("struct S size is %d\n", sizeof(struct S));
	printf("a OFFSETOF %u\n", OFFSETOF(struct S, a));
	printf("b OFFSETOF %u\n", OFFSETOF(struct S, b));
	printf("c OFFSETOF %u\n", OFFSETOF(struct S, c));
	printf("d OFFSETOF %u\n", OFFSETOF(struct S, d));
	return 0;
}

运行结果如下：
	     struct S size is 16
	     a  OFFSETOF  0
	     b  OFFSETOF  4
	     c  OFFSETOF  8
	     d  OFFSETOF  12