[问题解决]：string转无符号数

两种方法

1、stoul()函数

#include <string>
unsigned long stoul ( const std::string& str, std::size_t* pos = nullptr, int base = 10 );

功能：将字符串转换为无符号整数。解析 str ,将其内容解释为指定基数的整数，该基数作为无符号长整型值返回。
参数：
str：要转换的字符串
pos：整数的地址，用于存储处理的字符数
base：数字基数，默认为十进制

string str;
unsigned char num = static_cast<unsigned char>(std::stoul(str));

2、 stringstream

#include <sstream>
#include <string>
string str;
unsigned char num;
unsigned short num_s
std::stringstream(str)>>num_s;
num= static_cast<unsigned char>(num_s);

这个方法，string直接转为unsigned char会被截断，只剩最高位。
可以从string转为unsigned short再转为unsigned char

https://www.zhihu.com/question/643004108
https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/basic_string/stoul
https://blog.csdn.net/d704791892/article/details/129713975
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43899069/article/details/110290292
https://blog.csdn.net/liu_feng_zi_/article/details/108028930
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_44378854/article/details/114376301