Java API之Socket

Socket

java.net.Socket

• 套接字 Socket封装了TCP协议的通讯细节，使得我们使用它就可以和服务端建立链接并
  基于两条流的读写操作完成与远端计算机的交互。 我们可以把Socket想象为"电话"。

• Socket提供的常用构造器:

  Socket(String host,int port)
  通过给定的IP地址与端口与远端计算机建立TCP链接。
  参数1:远端计算机的IP地址信息
  参数2:远端计算机打开的服务端口
  我们通过IP可以找到网络上的该计算机，通过端口找到运行在该机器上的
  服务端应用程序

• Socket中非常重要的一个方法:

  OutputStream getOutputStream()
  该方法返回一个字节输出流，使用该流写出的字节会发送给远端链接的计算机

• 服务端进行TCP的挥手断开操作方法:

  调用socket.close()

• java.net.BindException: address already in use

  原因:服务端申请的端口被系统其它程序占用了。
  解决办法:
  1:后期遇到该问题通常是重复启动了两次服务端导致的，需要杀死之前启动的
  服务端进程
  2:更换端口号

例子：简易聊天室

Client类：

package socket;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class Client {
    private Socket socket;

    public Client(){
        try {
            System.out.println("正在连接服务器...");
            socket = new Socket("111.192.129.140",8088);
            System.out.println("成功连接服务器...");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public void start(){

        try {
        
            System.out.println(socket.getInetAddress()+"进入聊天室：");
            ServerHandler serverHandler = new ServerHandler();
            Thread thread = new Thread(serverHandler);
            thread.setDaemon(true);
            thread.start();

            OutputStreamWriter osw = new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
            BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(osw);
            PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(bw,true);

            while(true){
                Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
                String line = scanner.nextLine();
                if("exit".equals(line)){
                    break;
                }
                pw.println(socket.getInetAddress()+"说："+line);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {

        }finally {
            try {
                socket.close();
                System.out.println("聊天结束");
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Client client = new Client();
        client.start();
    }

    private class ServerHandler implements Runnable{

        @Override
        public void run() {
            try {
                InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream(),StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
                BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);
                String line;
                while((line = br.readLine())!=null){
                    System.out.println(line);
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {

            }
        }
    }
}

Server类：

package socket;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;

public class Server {

    private ServerSocket serverSocket;
    private Collection<PrintWriter> allOut = new ArrayList<>();

    public Server() {
        try {
            System.out.println("正在启动服务器...");
            serverSocket = new ServerSocket(8099);
            System.out.println("启动成功,等待用户连接...");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public void start() {
        while (true) {
            try {
                Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
                ClientHandler client = new ClientHandler(socket);
                Thread thread = new Thread(client);
                thread.start();


            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Server server = new Server();
        server.start();
    }


    private class ClientHandler implements Runnable {

        private Socket socket;

        public ClientHandler(Socket socket) {
            this.socket = socket;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            PrintWriter pw;
            try {
                InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
                BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);

                OutputStreamWriter osw = new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
                BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(osw);
                pw = new PrintWriter(bw,true);

                synchronized (allOut) {
                    allOut.add(pw);
                }

                System.out.println(socket.getInetAddress() + "已成功连接!" + "当前人数：" + allOut.size());

                String line;
                try {
                    while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
                        sendMessage(line);
                    }
                } catch (IOException e) {

                } finally {
                    try {
                        socket.close();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }

                    synchronized (allOut) {
                        allOut.remove(pw);
                    }

                    System.out.println(socket.getInetAddress() + "已退出聊天室 " + "当前在线人数：" + allOut.size());
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {

            }
        }

        private void sendMessage(String line){
            System.out.println(socket.getInetAddress() + "说：" + line);
            synchronized (allOut) {
                for (PrintWriter p : allOut) {
                    p.println(socket.getInetAddress() + "说：" + line);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}