2021年6月17日大学英语四一课一练阅读理解1-2

你想不到吧:
有点难，但是我真的很想啊。

*In a time of low academic achievement by children in the United States,many Americans are turning to Japan,a country of high academic achievement and economic success,for possible answers.1: However,the answers provided by Japanese preschools are not the ones American expected to find.In most Japanese preschools,surprising little emphasis is put on academic instruction.In one investigation,300 Japanese and 210 American preschool teachers ,child development specialists,and parents were asked about various aspects of early child education.Only 2 percent of Japanese respondents listed”to give children a good start academically”as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools.In contrast,over half the American respondents chose this as of their top three choices.To prepare children for successful careers in first grade and beyond,Japanese schools do not teach reading,writing,and mathematics,3： but rather skills such as persistence,concentration,and the ability to function as a member of a group.The vast majority of young Japanese children are taught to read at home by their parents.

In the recent comparison of Japanese and American preschool education,91 percent of Japanese respondents chose providing children with a group experience as one of their top reasons for a society to have preschools.2: 62 percent of the more individually-oriented（强调个性发展的）American listed group experience as one of their top three choices.An emphasis on the importance of the group seen in Japanese early childhood education continues into elementary school education.

Like in America,there is diversity in Japanese early childhood education.Some Japanese kindergartens have specific aims,such as early musical training or potential development.In large cities,some kindergartens are attached to universities that have elementary and secondary schools.Some Japanese parents believe that if their young children attend a university-based program,5： it will increase the children’s chances of eventually being admitted to top-rated schools and universities. 4: Several more progressive programs have introduced free play as a way out （出路）for the heavy intellectualizing（知识化） in some Japanese kindergartens.*

全文翻译：
在美国儿童成绩很差的一段时间里，许多美国人转向一个有很高学术成就且经济成功的国家——日本寻求答案。然而，日本幼儿园提供的答案并不是美国人所期望的。让人惊讶的是，在大多数日本的幼儿园，很少重视学术方面的指导。在一项调查中，300名日本和210名美国幼儿园教师、儿童发展专家和家长被问及早期儿童教育的各个方面。只有2%的日本受访者将“让孩子在学业上有一个良好的开端”列为社会开设幼儿园的三大理由之一。相比之下，超过一半的美国受访者在他们的前三个选择中选择了这个。为了给孩子一年级以及以后成功的职业生涯做准备，日本的学校并不教授孩子们读写和数学，而是教授他们毅力，专注力以及团队协作能力。大多数的日本孩子的阅读都是由父母在家中教的。
在最近日美学前教育的比较中，91%的日本受访者把给他们的孩子提供集体体验当作社会创办学前教育的主要原因之一。62%更以个人为导向的美国人将团体经历列为他们的三大选择的原因之一。日本学前教育中对团体的重视一直延伸到小学教育。
和美国一样，日本的学前教育也有多样性。一些日本幼儿园有着独特的目的，比如早起声乐培训或者潜能的发展。在大城市中，一些幼儿园附属于有小学和中学的大学。一些日本家长相信如果孩子参加了以大学为基础的课程，他们的孩子最终将会有更多的机会被世界顶尖的大学录取。一些更进步的项目引入了自由玩耍，作为一些日本幼儿园繁重的知识化的出路。