2021年6月17日大学英语四一课一练阅读理解2-2

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*People who live and work in areas with elevated（高浓度的） levels of ozone and other airborne pollutants appear to run an increased rick of lung cancer,US researches report in the December issue（发布） of the journal Environmental Healthy Perspectives（展望）.The researchers,Dr Beeson of Texas University and colleagues studied more than 4,000 female and 2,000 male,white,nonsmoking volunteers from 1977 to 1992.

2:At the start of the study,volunteers filled out questionnaires 1: about their occupations,their exercise patterns,diet and other lifestyle choices,and their family’s health history.The questionnaires also asked whether the volunteers had any respiratory（呼吸的） symptoms,how many hours they spent outdoors,and where they lived and worked.The researches 2: updated this information in 1987 and again in 1992.

Using air quality monitoring（监测） station data,Beeson and colleagues then determined the levels of particle soot（烟灰）,ozone or ”smog”,sulfur dioxide,and other pollutants（污染物） that the volunteers were exposed to,given where they lived and worked.Over the course of the 15-year study,20 of the woman and 16 of the men were diagnosed with lung career.

Analyzing the relationship between exposure to airborne pollutants and lung cancer rick,the researchers found that both men and women regularly exposed to levels of particle soot that were higher than the National Ambient Air Quality Standard of 50 microgram per meter cubed ran an increased rick of lung cancer.And both men and women exposed to elevated levels of sulfur dioxide ran an increased rick of lung cancer.

In addition,men regularly exposed to ozone levels of 80 parts per billion ran more than three times the rick of lung cancer as men exposed to low levels.The Environmental Protection Agency(环境保护署) limit on ozone is 120 parts per billion,Beeson and colleagues report.3：Women,however,did not appear to run an increased rick of lung cancer if exposed to high levels of smog.

“This gender(性别) difference may be due to the males spending much more time outdoors than females,”they write.”This was especially true for the summer when ozone levels are higher.”The differences may also have been due to hormonal(荷尔蒙的) differences,they add.Some research findings also suggest that 4：the female sex hormone estrogen（雌性荷尔蒙） may partly offset（抵消） the consequences of exposure to high ozone levels.

“Our findings suggest that the current EPA standard of 120 parts per billion for ozone may not adequately protect the large portion of the US male population who live or work in communities where the current standard for ozone is frequently exceeded,”Beeson and colleagues conclude.More research with a larger number of incident cases of lung cancer is needed to better understand the observed gender differences in regard to ozone exposure as well as to better separate the independent effects of ozone,airborne particular matter sulfur dioxide,and other airborne pollutants.*

全文翻译：（5：全文主要讲的是一些空气中有害物质与肺癌的关系）
美国学者在12月份发表的《环境与健康展望》中说，生活或者工作在臭氧环境以及其他空气传播污染物水平升高地区的人们，更有可能患上肺癌。德克萨斯大学的比森博士及其同事在1977年至1992年间对4000多名不吸烟的白人男性志愿者以及2000多名白人女性志愿者进行了研究。
研究一开始，志愿者们在调查问卷上填满了有关他们的职位，运动模式和其他生活方式的选择，以及他们家族的健康史。在调查中问卷中也问了志愿者们是否有任何的呼吸病症状、花多久的时间去户外活动、还有他们生活和工作的地方。这项研究的信息在1987年更新过一次，在1992年再一次更新。（2：连开始的一次一共三次）
利用空气质量监管站的数据，比森和他的同事根据志愿者工作和居住的环境测定了颗粒烟尘，臭氧，烟雾，二氧化硫的水平。在15年的研究中，20名女性和16名男性确诊了肺癌。
通过分析空气污染物与肺癌的关系，研究人员发现，男性和女性经常暴露在高于国家环境空气质量标准50微克每立方米的颗粒物烟尘中，肺癌的发病率都会增加。并且男性女性如果暴露在高浓度的二氧化硫中，肺癌的发病率都会增加。
此外，男性经常暴露在臭氧浓度为十亿分之八十的环境中，其患肺癌的风险是男性暴露在低水平环境中的三倍多。比森和他的同事说，美国环境保护署对臭氧的限制是十亿分之120。然而，女性暴露在高浓度雾霾中，患肺癌的风险似乎并不会增加。
性别上的差异可能是由于男性会花费比女性更多的时间在户外活动上，这在臭氧水平较高的夏季尤为明显。他们补充道，性别不同的差异还有可能是因为分泌的荷尔蒙不同。研究结果还表明，女性荷尔蒙雌激素可能会抵消暴露于高臭氧水平中的部分影响。
比森和同事总结说：“我们的研究结果表明，目前EPA的臭氧含量标准为十亿分之120，可能不足以保护大部分生活或工作在臭氧经常超标的社区的美国男性人口。”需要对更多的肺癌病例进行更多的研究，以更好地了解臭氧暴露方面观察到的性别差异，并更好地分离臭氧、空气中特定物质二氧化硫和其他空气污染物的独立影响。