C++中各种基本类型的范围。

1.C++中有哪些基本类型

对于整数来说，它有有符号和无符号之分；对于实数，无论是单精度还是双精度，都是有符号的（有正有负）；

• 布尔类型；只有两值，无所谓有无符号；true|false， 1种；
• 字符类型；包括有无符号；signed（可以省略），2种；
• 短整型；包括有无符号；2种
• 整型；有无符号，2种；
• 长整型；有无符号，2种；
• 长长整型；有无符号，2种；
• 单精度；有符号，1种；
• 双精度；有符号，1种；
  共计13种

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2.长度

在内存分配时，无论静态还是动态，占几个字节的存储空间；用运算符sizeof获取；使用时：sizeof 变量|数据类型|字面常量； sizeof(变量|数据类型|字面常量)

拓展：
1bit（字节）=8位，例如char 字符类型是一个字节；
int 整型类型是4个字节，也就是32位；
int a = 1，a是四个字节，在计算机存储的是 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000001

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范围

因为在内存中的数据是分段的，每种数据类型都有范围的，分为最小值和最大值；
下面我们写代码将所有基本类型的长度及范围打印出来，引入一个新的头文件：climits

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代码示例：

#include <iostream>
#include <climits>
using namespace std;
int main() {
    //..............................................................
    cout << " ~~布尔类型~~" << endl;
    cout << " 它占： " << sizeof(bool) << " 个字节!" << endl;
    cout << " 最小值：" << (numeric_limits<bool>::min()) << endl;
    cout << " 最大值：" << (numeric_limits<bool>::max()) << endl;
    cout << endl;
    cout << " ~~有符号字符类型~~" << endl;
    cout << " 它占： " << sizeof(char) << " 个字节!" << endl;
    cout << " 最小值：" << (int)(numeric_limits<char>::min()) << endl;
    cout << " 最大值：" << (int)(numeric_limits<char>::max()) << endl;
    cout << endl;
    cout << " ~~无符号字符类型~~" << endl;
    cout << " 它占： " << sizeof(unsigned char) << " 个字节!" << endl;
    cout << " 最小值：" << (int)(numeric_limits<unsigned char>::min()) << endl;
    cout << " 最大值：" << (int)(numeric_limits<unsigned char>::max()) << endl;
    cout << endl;
    cout << " ~~整数之有符号短整型~~" << endl;
    cout << " 它占： " << sizeof(short) << " 个字节!" << endl;
    cout << " 最小值：" << (numeric_limits<short>::min()) << endl;
    cout << " 最大值：" << (numeric_limits<short>::max()) << endl;
    cout << endl;
    cout << " ~~整数之无符号短整型~~" << endl;
    cout << " 它占： " << sizeof(unsigned short) << " 个字节!" << endl;
    cout << " 最小值：" << (numeric_limits<unsigned short>::min()) << endl;
    cout << " 最大值：" << (numeric_limits<unsigned short>::max()) << endl;
    cout << endl;
    cout << " ~~整数之有符号整型~~" << endl;
    cout << " 它占： " << sizeof(int) << " 个字节!" << endl;
    cout << " 最小值：" << (numeric_limits<int>::min()) << endl;
    cout << " 最大值：" << (numeric_limits<int>::max()) << endl;
    cout << endl;
    cout << " ~~整数之无符号整型~~" << endl;
    cout << " 它占： " << sizeof(unsigned int) << " 个字节!" << endl;
    cout << " 最小值：" << (numeric_limits<unsigned int>::min()) << endl;
    cout << " 最大值：" << (numeric_limits<unsigned int>::max()) << endl;
    cout << endl;
    cout << " ~~整数之有符号长整型~~" << endl;
    cout << " 它占： " << sizeof(long) << " 个字节!" << endl;
    cout << " 最小值：" << (numeric_limits<long int>::min()) << endl;
    cout << " 最大值：" << (numeric_limits<long int>::max()) << endl;
    cout << endl;
    cout << " ~~整数之无符号长整型~~" << endl;
    cout << " 它占： " << sizeof(unsigned long) << " 个字节!" << endl;
    cout << " 最小值：" << (numeric_limits<unsigned long>::min()) << endl;
    cout << " 最大值：" << (numeric_limits<unsigned long>::max()) << endl;
    cout << endl;
    cout << " ~~整数之有符号长长整型~~" << endl;
    cout << " 它占： " << sizeof(long long) << " 个字节!" << endl;
    cout << " 最小值：" << (numeric_limits<long long>::min()) << endl;
    cout << " 最大值：" << (numeric_limits<long long>::max()) << endl;
    cout << endl;
    cout << " ~~整数之无符号长长整型~~" << endl;
    cout << " 它占： " << sizeof(unsigned long long) << " 个字节!" << endl;
    cout << " 最小值：" << (numeric_limits<unsigned long long>::min()) << endl;
    cout << " 最大值：" << (numeric_limits<unsigned long long>::max()) << endl;
    cout << "* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *" << endl;
    cout << " ~~实数之单精度，都是有符号~~" << endl;
    cout << " 它占： " << sizeof(float) << " 个字节!" << endl;
    cout << " 最小值：" << (numeric_limits<float>::min()) << endl;
    cout << " 最大值：" << (numeric_limits<float>::max()) << endl;
    cout << endl;
    cout << " ~~实数之双精度，是有符号~~" << endl;
    cout << " 它占： " << sizeof(double) << " 个字节!" << endl;
    cout << " 最小值：" << (numeric_limits<double>::min()) << endl;
    cout << " 最大值：" << (numeric_limits<double>::max()) << endl;
    cout << endl;
    cout << " ~~实数之长双精度，是有符号~~" << endl;
    cout << " 它占： " << sizeof(long double) << " 个字节!" << endl;
    cout << " 最小值：" << (numeric_limits<long double>::min()) << endl;
    cout << " 最大值：" << (numeric_limits<long double>::max()) << endl;
    cout << endl;
    //..............................................................
    return 0;
}

运行截图：

拓展：