Python Lock 死锁问题

1.1死锁发生的必要条件

1.2.1死锁例子 简单模拟银行转账

"""
    银行转账
"""

from time import sleep
from threading import Thread,Lock

# 账户类
class Account:
    def __init__(self, _id, balance, lock):
        self.id = _id   # 用户
        self.balance = balance  # 存款
        self.lock = lock    # 锁

    # 取钱
    def withdraw(self, amount):
        self.balance -= -amount

    # 存钱
    def deposit(self, amount):
        self.balance += amount

    # 查看余额
    def get_balance(self):
        return self.balance

# 产生两个账户
Tom = Account('Tom', 5000, Lock())
Alex = Account('Alex', 8000, Lock())

# 转账过程
def transfer(from_, to, amount):
    if from_.lock.acquire():    # 锁住自己的账户
        from_.withdraw(amount)
        sleep(0.5)
        if to.lock.acquire():   # 锁住自己的账户
            to.deposit(amount)  # to账户加钱
            to.lock.release()   # to账户解锁
        from_.lock.release()    # from账户解锁
    print("%s给%s转账%d"%(from_.id, to.id, amount))

t1 = Thread(target = transfer, args = (Tom, Alex, 2000))
t2 = Thread(target = transfer, args = (Alex, Tom, 1000))
t1.start()
t2.start()

运行结果：执行两个线程就会形成死锁
解锁位置不对
from_, to 独立进行 解锁并上锁则不会出现死锁现象

1.2.2正确代码

"""
    死锁例子
    银行转账
"""

from time import sleep
from threading import Thread,Lock

# 账户类
class Account:
    def __init__(self, _id, balance, lock):
        self.id = _id   # 用户
        self.balance = balance  # 存款
        self.lock = lock    # 锁

    # 取钱
    def withdraw(self, amount):
        self.balance -= -amount

    # 存钱
    def deposit(self, amount):
        self.balance += amount

    # 查看余额
    def get_balance(self):
        return self.balance

# 产生两个账户
Tom = Account('Tom', 5000, Lock())
Alex = Account('Alex', 8000, Lock())

# 转账过程
def transfer(from_, to, amount):
    if from_.lock.acquire():    # 锁住自己的账户
        from_.withdraw(amount)
        sleep(0.5)
        from_.lock.release()  # from账户解锁
        if to.lock.acquire():   # 锁住自己的账户
            to.deposit(amount)  # to账户加钱
            to.lock.release()   # to账户解锁
    print("%s给%s转账%d"%(from_.id, to.id, amount))

t1 = Thread(target = transfer, args = (Tom, Alex, 2000))
t2 = Thread(target = transfer, args = (Alex, Tom, 1000))
t1.start()
t2.start()

运行结果：
Alex给Tom转账1000
Tom给Alex转账2000

Process finished with exit code 0

1.3 案例分析

"""
    模拟迅雷下载文件
    一个文件放在几个不同位置 要求从每个分文件下载1/n 到一个新文件中 同步进行下载
"""

from threading import Thread, Lock
import os

lock = Lock()
urls = ['/home/tarena/桌面']  # 自定义多个路径列表
filename = input("要下载的文件：")
explorer = []
for i in urls:
    if os.path.exists(i + filename):
        explorer.append(i + filename)
path_num = len(explorer)

if path_num == 0:
    os._exit(0)

file_size = os.path.getsize(explorer[0])    # 获得要下载文件大小
block_size = file_size//path_num    # 根据需处理文件数确定一个线程下载的数量
fd = open(filename,'wb')

def load(path, num):
    f = open(path, 'rb')
    seek_num = block_size * (num - 1)
    f.seek(seek_num)
    data = f.read(block_size)   # 模拟下载过程
    with lock:
        fd.seek(seek_num)
        fd.write(data)

num = 0
jobs = []
for path in explorer:
    t = Thread(target=load, args=(path, num))
    jobs.append(t)
    t.start()
    num += 1
    
for i in jobs:
    i.join()