centos7部署cobbler

本文详细介绍了如何在CentOS7上部署cobbler,包括配置yum源、启动并设置服务开机自启、配置cobbler DHCP、重启服务同步配置以及创建kickstart自动安装脚本。
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centos7部署cobbler

配置yum源
[root@localhost ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100  1572  100  1572    0     0  10621      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 10621
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install epel-release
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install dhcp tftp-server xinetd httpd cobbler cobbler-web pykickstart
启动服务并设置开机自启
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now httpd.service 
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now cobblerd.service 
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/cobblerd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/cobblerd.service.

//修改server的ip地址为本机ip
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's/^server: 127.0.0.1/server: 192.168.201.150/' /etc/cobbler/settings
[root@localhost ~]# grep "^server: " /etc/cobbler/settings
server: 192.168.201.150

//设置tftp的ip地址为本机ip
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's/^next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 192.168.201.150/' /etc/cobbler/settings
[root@localhost ~]# grep "^next_server: " /etc/cobbler/settings
next_server: 192.168.201.150

//开启tftp
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i '/disable/s/yes/no/g' /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

//防止循环装系统,适用于服务器第一启动项是 PXE 启动
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i "s#pxe_just_once: 0#pxe_just_once: 1#" /etc/cobbler/settings
[root@localhost ~]# grep "^pxe_just_once: " /etc/cobbler/settings
pxe_just_once: 1


//启动rsync并设置开机自启
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start rsyncd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable rsyncd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/rsyncd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/rsyncd.service.

//生成加密的密码
[root@localhost ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt "$RANDOM" '123456789'
$1$31859$ElN7f4l4ni0FXjwoaI9t.0

//将新生成的加密密码加入到配置文
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings
default_password_crypted: "$1$31859$ElN7f4l4ni0FXjwoaI9t.0"

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State      Recv-Q Send-Q  Local Address:Port                 Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN     0      128                 *:22                              *:*                  
LISTEN     0      100         127.0.0.1:25                              *:*                  
LISTEN     0      5           127.0.0.1:25151                           *:*                  
LISTEN     0      128              [::]:80                           [::]:*                  
LISTEN     0      128              [::]:22                           [::]:*                  
LISTEN     0      100             [::1]:25                           [::]:*                  
LISTEN     0      128              [::]:443                          [::]:* 

配置cobbler dhcp
//修改cobbler配置文件,让cobbler控制dhcp
[root@localhost ~]#  sed -i "s#manage_dhcp: 0#manage_dhcp: 1#" /etc/cobbler/settings
[root@localhost ~]# grep "^manage_dhcp: " /etc/cobbler/settings
manage_dhcp: 1

//配置dhcp
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template  
subnet 192.168.201.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {     
     option routers             192.168.201.150;   
     option domain-name-servers 192.168.201.2;   
     option subnet-mask         255.255.255.0;   
     range dynamic-bootp        192.168.201.100 192.168.201.210;   
     default-lease-time         21600;
     max-lease-time             43200;
     next-server                $next_server;

[root@localhost ~]# ss -anulp | grep dhcp  //查看dhcp是否正常
UNCONN     0      0            *:67                       *:*                   users:(("dhcpd",pid=55385,fd=7))

重启服务并同步配置
//重启服务并同步配置,改完dhcp必须要sync同步配置
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd

[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2022-08-11_190445_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Thu Aug 11 20:04:45 2022)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
copying bootloaders
copying: /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0
copying: /usr/share/syslinux/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32
copying: /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk -> /var/lib/tftpboot/memdisk
copying distros to tftpboot
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service

running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.manage_genders
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***   


[root@localhost ~]# head -7 /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf   
# ******************************************************************
# Cobbler managed dhcpd.conf file
# generated from cobbler dhcp.conf template (Thu Aug 11 20:04:40 2022)
# Do NOT make changes to /etc/dhcpd.conf. Instead, make your changes
# in /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template, as /etc/dhcpd.conf will be
# overwritten.
# ******************************************************************

//导入redhat7镜像
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt  //以只读方式挂载 CentOS 7 的系统镜像
mount: /dev/sr0 

[root@localhost ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt/ --name=CentOS-7-x86_64 --arch=x86_64
task started: 2022-08-11_191441_import
task started (id=Media import, time=Thu Aug 11 20:14:41 2022)
Found a candidate signature: breed=suse, version=opensuse15.0
Found a candidate signature: breed=suse, version=opensuse15.1
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7
Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7
Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64:
creating new distro: CentOS-7-x86_64
trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/CentOS-7-x86_64
creating new profile: CentOS-7-x86_64
associating repos
checking for rsync repo(s)
checking for rhn repo(s)
checking for yum repo(s)
starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64 for CentOS-7-x86_64
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/repodata
*** TASK COMPLETE ***   

//说明:
    --path      //镜像路径
    --name      //为安装源定义一个名字
    --arch      //指定安装源平台

//安装源的唯一标示就是根据name参数来定义,本例导入成功后,安装源的唯一标示就是:CentOS-7-x86_64,如果重复,系统会提示导入失败

//查看cobbler镜像列表
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler distro list  
   CentOS-7-x86_64


// 查看安装镜像文件信息
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler distro report --name=CentOS-7-x86_64
Name                           : CentOS-7-x86_64
Architecture                   : x86_64
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Breed                          : redhat
Comment                        : 
Fetchable Files                : {}
Initrd                         : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img
Kernel                         : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz
Kernel Options                 : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Kickstart Metadata             : {'tree': 'http://@@http_server@@/cblr/links/CentOS-7-x86_64'}
Management Classes             : []
OS Version                     : rhel7
Owners                         : ['admin']
Red Hat Management Key         : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server      : <<inherit>>
Template Files                 : {}

创建kickstarts自动安装脚本
[root@localhost kickstarts]# cat CentOS-7-x86_64.ks    
auth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
bootloader --location=mbr
clearpart --all --initlabel
part /boot --asprimary --fstype="ext4" --size=500
part swap --fstype="swap" --size=4096
part / --fstype="ext4" --grow --size=15000
text
firewall --disabled
firstboot --disable
keyboard us
lang en_US
url --url=http://192.168.201.150/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64
$yum_repo_stanza
reboot

rootpw --iscrypted $6$xIirl1/bwSCWwuYp$c/CyuQFl45n.NUuz3.MC5jHrHW7arV8PvgUY71g28m/SHNo1mYyCj4sDdgkX4AHpCvCBZ9XDV/JWVblYcNdkL1  

selinux --disabled
skipx
timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc --nontp
install
zerombr

%packages
@^minimal
@core
kexec-tools

%end

%addon com_redhat_kdump --enable --reserve-mb='auto'

%end

%anaconda
pwpolicy root --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
pwpolicy user --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --emptyok
pwpolicy luks --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
%end

//检查ks文件语法是否有误
[root@localhost kickstarts]# cobbler validateks
task started: 2022-08-11_192811_validateks
task started (id=Kickstart Validation, time=Thu Aug 11 20:28:11 2022)
----------------------------
osversion: rhel7
checking url: http://192.168.201.150/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/CentOS-7-x86_64
running: /usr/bin/ksvalidator -v "rhel7" "http://192.168.201.150/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/CentOS-7-x86_64"
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
*** all kickstarts seem to be ok ***
*** TASK COMPLETE ***


//查看当前cobbler有哪些配置文件
[root@localhost kickstarts]# cobbler profile list
   CentOS-7-x86_64

//修改profile,将我们新建的ks文件设为默认的kickstarts安装文件
[root@localhost kickstarts]# cobbler profile edit --name CentOS-7-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-7-x86_64.ks

//配置网卡名称为传统网卡名称eth0
[root@localhost kickstarts]# cobbler profile edit --name CentOS-7-x86_64 --kopts='net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0'


//检查当前系统cobbler配置文件信息
[root@localhost kickstarts]# cobbler profile report
Name                           : CentOS-7-x86_64
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Comment                        : 
DHCP Tag                       : default
Distribution                   : CentOS-7-x86_64
Enable gPXE?                   : 0
Enable PXE Menu?               : 1
Fetchable Files                : {}
Kernel Options                 : {'biosdevname': '0', 'net.ifnames': '0'}
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Kickstart                      : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-7-x86_64.ks
Kickstart Metadata             : {}
Management Classes             : []
Management Parameters          : <<inherit>>
Name Servers                   : []
Name Servers Search Path       : []
Owners                         : ['admin']
Parent Profile                 : 
Internal proxy                 : 
Red Hat Management Key         : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server      : <<inherit>>
Repos                          : []
Server Override                : <<inherit>>
Template Files                 : {}
Virt Auto Boot                 : 1
Virt Bridge                    : xenbr0
Virt CPUs                      : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type          : raw
Virt File Size(GB)             : 5
Virt Path                      : 
Virt RAM (MB)                  : 512
Virt Type                      : kvm


//同步cobbler
[root@localhost kickstarts]# cobbler sync
task started: 2022-08-11_193349_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Thu Aug 11 20:33:49 2022)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS-7-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS-7-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_list
copying bootloaders
copying: /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0
copying: /usr/share/syslinux/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32
copying: /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk -> /var/lib/tftpboot/memdisk
copying distros to tftpboot
copying files for distro: CentOS-7-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS-7-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS-7-x86_64/initrd.img
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
copying files for distro: CentOS-7-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS-7-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS-7-x86_64/initrd.img
Writing template files for CentOS-7-x86_64
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2022-08-11_193710_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Thu Aug 11 20:37:10 2022)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS-7-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS-7-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_list
copying bootloaders
copying: /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0
copying: /usr/share/syslinux/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32
copying: /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk -> /var/lib/tftpboot/memdisk
copying distros to tftpboot
copying files for distro: CentOS-7-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS-7-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS-7-x86_64/initrd.img
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
copying files for distro: CentOS-7-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS-7-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS-7-x86_64/initrd.img
Writing template files for CentOS-7-x86_64
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
processing boot_files for distro: CentOS-7-x86_64
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service

running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.manage_genders
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***

为避免发生未知问题,先把服务端所有服务重启

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart xinetd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State       Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN      0      100    127.0.0.1:25                        *:*                  
LISTEN      0      5      127.0.0.1:25151                     *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128           *:22                        *:*                  
LISTEN      0      100       [::1]:25                     [::]:*                  
LISTEN      0      128        [::]:443                    [::]:*                  
LISTEN      0      128        [::]:80                     [::]:*                  
LISTEN      0      128        [::]:22                     [::]:* 

在这里插入图片描述

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