信息资源管理双语课堂笔记（二）

Information and information resources

The concept of information and its development
Brillouin ：information is Negative Entropy.
布里渊：信息是负熵。
Information can be said to be a universal attribute of things.
信息可以说是事物的普遍属性。
In a general sense, that is, without any constraints, we can define information ：“The way things exist and the manifestation of their states of motion.”
在一般意义上，也就是说，在没有任何约束的情况下，我们可以定义信息：“事物存在的方式及其运动状态的表现。
The definition of information at ontological level is transformed into that at epistemological level. Information is defined as: The way of existence and the state of movement of things perceived or expressed by the subject.
本体论层面上的信息定义被转化为认识论层面的信息定义。信息被定义为：主体感知或表达的事物的存在方式和运动状态。
We call the epistemological information that takes into account the external form, internal meaning and utility value of both the mode of existence and the state of movement of things " whole information”.
我们将考虑到事物存在模式和运动状态的外部形式、内部意义和效用价值的认识论信息称为"整体信息"。
Epistemological information is the whole information which considers syntactic, semantic and pragmatic information simultaneously.
认识论信息是同时考虑句法，语义和语用信息的整体信息。
Data, Information, Knowledge& wisdom
Data is obtained from original observations and measurements,
Information is obtained from analyzing the relationships between data.
The application of information to action produces knowledge.
Wisdom is the cognition that human beings care about the future and creatively discover and predict the future.
数据，信息，知识和智慧
数据来自原始观测和测量，
信息是通过分析数据之间的关系获得的。
将信息应用于行动会产生知识。
智慧是人类关心未来，创造性地发现和预测未来的认知。
The connotation of information resources
Information resources include the following parts:

1. The collection of useful information that has been processed and accumulated in large quantities in human social and economic activities;
2. A collection of information producers who produce information for a certain purpose;
3. The collection of information technologies that process, process and transmit information;
4. Collection of other information activity elements (such as information equipment, facilities, information activity funds, etc.).
   信息资源包括以下部分：
   (1). 收集在人类社会和经济活动中大量处理和积累的有用信息;
   (2). 为特定目的制作信息的信息生产者的集合;
   (3). 收集处理、处理和传输信息的信息;
   (4).收集其他信息活动要素（如信息设备、设施、信息活动基金等）。
   “Information sources” refers to the source of information. It has a wide meaning and has different connotations in different disciplines.
   In the field of communication technology and engineering, information sources are referred to simply as information sources. Researchers believe that “information source is the source of information, which can be human, machine, natural object, etc.” or an event.
   In the field of communication, the source of communication refers to the source or starting point from which information is generated, produced and sent. The source of communication can be ：
   an individual, that is, a specific person who produces and transmits information,
   a group, which refers to the department or institution where information occurs.
   “信息源”指信息的来源。它有着广泛的含义，在不同的学科中有着不同的内涵。
   在通信技术和工程领域，信息源简称为信息源。研究人员认为，“信息源是信息的来源，可以是人、机器、自然物体等”，也可以是一个事件。
   在通信领域，通信源是指信息产生、产生和发送的来源或起点。沟通的来源可以是：
   一个个体，也就是一个产生和传递信息的特定人，
   一个群体，指信息发生的部门或机构。
   Information source and information resource are two concepts which both relate and differ.
   Information source is not equal to information resource. Information source is anything that contains information.
   Information resource is a collection of available information.
   Information resource can be a kind of high quality and high purity information source, but information source is not all information resource.
   信息源和信息资源是两个既有联系又有区别的概念。
   信息源不等于信息资源。信息源是任何包含信息的东西。
   信息资源是可用信息的集合。
   信息资源可以是一种高质量、高纯度的信息源，但信息源并不是所有的信息资源。