【IP关键词 3】北邮 互联网协议 Internet Protocol 4.Network Layer

序号为课件内每章节序号

4.

缩写	En	More
	Forwarding	move pkt from router’s input to appropriate router output
	Routing	determine route taken by pkt from source to destination
	IPv4 address	32-bit = 4 bytes
	Data Plane	local, per-router function; forwarding function
	Control Plane	network-wide logic; routing function; two ways: traditional routing algorithm, SDN
	Input Interface	decentralized switching: using header value to find forwarding output link in memory
	longest prefix matching
	switching fabrics	Memory; Bus; Crossbar
	Input Interface Queueing	queueing delay and loss; Header-of-the-Line Block (HOL)
	Output Interface	Buffering and scheduling discipline
	Output Interface Queueing	Queueing delay and loss
	IP Datagram(IPv4)	20 bytes; flags, fragment offset(= datagram’ payload / 8), header checksum, TTL, src IP addr, dest IP addr, len, head len, type of service, 16-bit indentifier, option
	Subnet	平均分
VLSM	variable length subnet mask	从大的子网入手
DHCP	Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol	Client: (Broadcast) DHCP discover; DHCP Server: (Broadcast) DHCP offer; Client: (Broadcast) DHCP request; DHCP Server: (Broadcast) DHCP ACK(with IP)
NAT	Network Address translation	local network look be one by outter network; 四个地址都要(IP, Port, src, dest)
	IPv6 header	Fixed 40 bytes; priority, flow label, next header, payload len, src addr, dest addr; 与IPv4的区别：移除了checksum，不能segment；添加了option
	IPv6 address	128-bit
	Tunning	IPv6 datagram carried as payload in IPv4 datagram among IPv4 routers
SDN	Software Defined Networking	Programmable, use any field of pkt header to forwarding
	OpenFlow	match-action; 对于Router, Switch, Firewall, NAT有不同的
	Control Plane
	Link-State routing algorithm	Dijkstra’s algorithm
	Distance vector routing algorithm	changes DV table when local link cost change or DV update message from neighbor; notifies neighbors only when its DV changes
AS	autonomous system (domain)	一小块一小块的网络
IGP	Interior Gateway Protocol	Intra-AS routing, AS内部的。
OSPF	Open Shortest Path First	使用link-state algorithm，向AS内全部router发送OSPF的链路状态
	IS-IS routing	almost same as OSPF
BGP	Border Gateway Protocol	AS与AS之间的，包含eBGP与iBGP，AS之间走eBGP，AS内部走iBGP
eBGP	external BGP	连接不同AS之间的router
iBGP	internal BGP	AS之间的Router的
	SDN control plane
	OpenFlow Protocol
	OpenFlow vs. Traditional routing
ICMP	Internet Control Message Protocol	Traceroute。发送端使用UDP发送一个不能到达的接口数字，超时后会被router丢弃然后返回一个包含有router名字以及IP地址的ICMP超时信息。当ICMP返回时，计算并记录RTT。UDP到达终点host时，会返回带有port unreachable的ICMP信息，代表结束。