一、反向解析
1.1先安装bind
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install bind
1.2配置主配置文件,将监听地址和可使用的DNS网段设为所有
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/named.conf
1.3配置区域文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
- 先配置正向解析
- 在配置反向解析
[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/named
[root@localhost named]# ls
data dynamic named.ca named.empty named.localhost named.loopback slaves
1.4保持原属性复制模板文件
[root@localhost named]# cp -p named.localhost shaole.com.zone
1.5在区域数据文件/var/named/shaole.com.localhost中配置PTR 反向
[root@localhost named]# vim shaole.com.zone
$TTL 1D
@ IN SOA @ admin.shaole.com. (
0 ; serial
1D ; refresh
1H ; retry
1W ; expire
3H ) ; minimum
NS @
A 192.168.27.10
www A 192.168.27.10
10 PTR www.shaole.com //配置PTR反向指针,将地址指向域名
1.6检查,只要不报错即为成功
[root@localhost named]# named-checkconf //检查主配置文件
[root@localhost named]# named-checkzone shaole.com /var/named/shaole.com.zone
//检查区域配置文件
[root@localhost named]# named-checkzone as.com /var/named/as.com.zone
zone as.com/IN: loaded serial 0
OK
1.7 重启
[root@localhost named]# systemctl start named
1.8 查看端口
[root@localhost named]# netstat -anpu | grep 53
- 解析
- 在Centos7上解析
1.9 全部过程如下
options {
listen-on port 53 { any; };
allow-query { any; };
vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
zone "132.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "kgc.com.local";
allow-update { none; };
};
cd /var/named
cp -p kgc.com.zone kgc.com.local
vim kgc.com.local
vim kgc.com.local
$TTL 1D
@ IN SOA kgc.com. admin.kgc.com. (
0 ; serial
1D ; refresh
1H ; retry
1W ; expire
3H ) ; minimum
NS kgc.com.
A 127.0.0.1
66 IN PTR www.kgc.com.
~
[root@promote named]# host 192.168.66.66
66.66.168.192.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer www.kgc.com.
二、缓存服务
2.1 作用
- 直接提供解析记录给客户端。
- 如果没有解析记录就转发到dns服务器。
- 可以提高DNS访问速度,对局域网上网实现快速解析。
- 直接缓存,将用户频繁访问的来自Internet服务器的Web对象的拷贝保存在企业本地网络中。
- 反向缓存,企业内部Web服务器的Web对象的拷贝保存在企业网络边缘的代理服务器上以提高外界访问企业站点的性能。
2.2 实操
- 先创建主的正向解析
- 创建新的虚拟机作为备,手动更改ens33网卡的配置ip地址:192.168.35.20
- vim /etc/named.conf #编辑主配置文件
开启服务:systemctl start named
三 主从同步
主从同步结构
一主一从
一主多从
链式复制(主<–从<–从)
互为主从
3.1 用yum安装bind
root@localhost ~]# yum -y install bind
**
2.2.配置主配置文件,将可使用本DNS网段的网段设为所有**
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/named.conf
3.2 重启
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start named
journalctl -xe //重启报错,查看日志,找出错误
3.3 给win10设置缓存服务器的IP地址
- 查看缓存服务器的IP地址
3.4 Centos1为dns主服务器,Centos2为从服务器,win10为客户端,主从同步解析
- 配置从服务器
改变监听端口和允许的
2.6.更改区域配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
zone "shaole.com" IN { //设置域名为shaole.com
type slave;//设置为从服务器
file "slave/shaole.com.zone.slave";//设置区域数据配置文件名,(在slaves目录下)
masters { 192.168.27.128; };//设置主服务器地址
};
)
4.重启
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start named
3.5 配置主服务器
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/named.conf
options {
listen-on port 53 { any; };//将监听地址设为any
listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
directory "/var/named";
dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
recursing-file "/var/named/data/named.recursing";
secroots-file "/var/named/data/named.secroots";
allow-query { any; };//将本DNS的网段设为所有
2.配置区域文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
zone "shaole.com" IN {//设置域名
type master;//设置为主服务器
file "ky11.com.zone";//设置区域配置文件
allow-transfer { 192.168.27.131; };//设置备服务器地址
};
2.配置区域文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
[root@localhost named]# vim shaole.com.zone
$TTL 1D
@ IN SOA @ rname.invalid. (
0 ; serial
1D ; refresh
1H ; retry 小时
1W ; expire
3H ) ; minimum
NS @
A 192.168.132.128//配置主服务地址
www A 192.168.132.128//解析地址
4.重启
[root@localhost named]# systemctl restart named 重启服务
主服务器192.168.132.132
[root@promote named]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
[root@localhost named]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
zone "liang.com" IN {
type master;
file "liang.com.zone";
allow-tansfer { 192.168.220.100; };
};
:wq
从服务器192.168.220.100
[root@localhost ~]# ping 192.168.220.110
PING 192.168.220.110 (192.168.220.110) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.220.110: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.04 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.220.110: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.506 ms
[root@localhost named]# iptables -F
[root@localhost named]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/named/
[root@localhost named]# ls
data dynamic named.ca named.empty named.localhost named.loopback slaves
[root@localhost named]# ls slaves/
slaves文件夹是空的,当配置好主从服务器时,那么slaves文件夹里面会自动备份文件
[root@localhost named]# vim /etc/named.conf
options {
listen-on port 53 { any; };
listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
directory "/var/named";
dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
recursing-file "/var/named/data/named.recursing";
secroots-file "/var/named/data/named.secroots";
allow-query { any; };
:wq
[root@localhost named]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
zone "kgc.com" IN {
type slave;
file "slaves/kgc.com.zone";
masters { 192.168.132.132; };
};
:wq
[root@localhost named]# systemctl start named
[root@localhost named]# ls slaves/
kgc.com.zone
[root@localhost named]# echo "nameserver 192.168.132.132" > /etc/resolv.conf
[root@localhost named]# host www.liang.com
www.kgc.com has address 192.168.66.66
[root@localhost named]# host mail.liang.com
mail.kgc.com has address 192.168.88.88
[root@localhost named]# host.smtp.liang.com
[root@localhost named]# host smtp.liang.com
smtp.kgc.com is an alias for mail.liang.com.
mail.kgc.com has address 192.168.88.88
[root@localhost named]# host aaa.liang.com
aaa.kgc.com has address 6.6.6.6
主
[root@promote named]# vim liang.com.zone
ftp IN A 192.168.77.77 加了一个ftp
[root@promote named]# systemctl restart named
[root@promote named]# host ftp.liang.com
ftp.kgc.com has address 192.168.77.77
**从**
[root@localhost named]# systemctl reload named.service
[root@localhost named]# host ftp.kgc.com
ftp.liang.com has address 6.6.6.6 //不会自动刷新slaves里面的文件,只有删掉slaves里面文件才会自动备份新的主服务器的文件
[root@localhost named]# ls slaves/
kgc.com.zone
[root@localhost named]# rm -rf slaves/kgc.com.zone
[root@localhost named]# ls slaves/
[root@localhost named]# systemctl restart named
[root@localhost named]# ls slaves/
liang.com.zone
[root@localhost named]# host ftp.kgc.com
ftp.kgc.com has address 192.168.77.77 //要先进行删除原文件,再进行重载自动备份
四 分离解析
4.1 首先安装两台linux虚拟机作为服务器,两台win10虚拟机为客户端。
【1】Centos1为DNS服务器,Centos2为web服务器(为内网,绑定VMnet1),VMnet1为内网(192.168.132.132),VMnet2为外网。
【2】win10作为内网,绑定VMnet1,(2)win10为外网,绑定VMnet2.
- DNS服务器安装bind软件包,web服务器安装httpd软件包
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install bind
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install httpd
- 配置网关服务器(DNS)
[root@localhost ~]#ifconfig 查看网卡信息
- 配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
- 改变配置文件的IP地址
4.2复制模板,配置ens37
[root@localhost ~]# cp -p /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens37
把ens33的配置信息复制到ens36中去
- 修改ens37的配置文件信息
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens37
IPADDR=12.0.0.1 //对接公网的IP地址
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart network 重启网卡
[root@localhost ~]#ifconfig查看网卡配置信息
- 配置web服务器
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
- 配置【1】win10作为内网的客户端
- 启开服务器
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start httpd
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -antp |grep 80 //查看端口
- **更改文件内容和查看
root@localhost ~]# vim /var/www/html/index.html
[root@localhost ~]# curl 127.0.0.
- 在DNS服务器里面配置主配置文件
vim /etc/named.conf
options {
listen-on port 53 { any; }; //将监听端口改为any
listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
directory "/var/named";
dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
recursing-file "/var/named/data/named.recursing";
secroots-file "/var/named/data/named.secroots";
allow-query { any; }; //允许所有的
- 更改区域标识文件成view
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
view "lan" {
match-clients { 192.168.100.0/24; };
zone "liang.com" IN {
type master;
file "liang.com.zone.lan";
};
};
view "wan" {
match-clients { 12.0.0.1/8; };
zone "liang.com" IN {
type master;
file "liang.com.zone.wan";
};
- 配置数据文件
[root@localhost ~]# cp -p /var/named/named.localhost /var/named/shaole.com.zone.lan
[root@localhost ~]# cp -p /var/named/named.localhost /var/named/shaole.com.zone.wan
- 配置数据文件,编辑内网
[root@localhost ~]# vim /var/named/shaole.com.zone.lan
$TTL 1D
@ IN SOA @ admin.shaole.com. (
0 ; serial
1D ; refresh
1H ; retry
1W ; expire
3H ) ; minimum
NS @
A 192.168.91.100
www A 192.168.100.60 //在dns上起的web
设置外网
[root@localhost ~]# vim /var/named/shaole.com.zone.wan
$TTL 1D
@ IN SOA @ admin.liang.com. (
0 ; serial
1D ; refresh
1H ; retry
1W ; expire
3H ) ; minimum
NS @
A 12.0.0.1
www A 12.0.0.1
systemctl start named //重启
- 在内、外网客户端的域名解析配置文件中添加DNS服务器地址
nslookup www.liang.com
- 如果要访问网页需要制定防火墙规则并且开启路由转发功能
vim /etc/sysctl.conf //配置内核参数开启路由转发,
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward为临时配置
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
sysctl -p //从文件加载系统参数
iptables -L -t nat //查看nat表规则
iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -d 12.0.0.1 -i ens37 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.192.100