Ansible(二):Ansible中的常用模块
1.进行主机连通性测试
[devops@westos_student41 ansible]$ ansible all -m ping
172.25.41.3 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
172.25.41.1 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
172.25.41.2 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
主机是连通状态
2.Command模块
常用命令
chdir # 在执行命令之前,先切换到该目录
executable # 切换shell来执行命令,需要使用命令的绝对路径
free_form # 要执行的Linux指令,一般使用Ansible的-a参数代替。
creates # 一个文件名,当这个文件存在,则该命令不执行,可以用来做判断
removes # 一个文件名,这个文件不存在,则该命令不执行
实验
[devops@westos_student41 ansible]$ ansible westos -m command -a "touch /mnt/westosfile"
[WARNING]: Consider using the file module with state=touch rather than running
'touch'. If you need to use command because file is insufficient you can add 'warn:
false' to this command task or set 'command_warnings=False' in ansible.cfg to get rid
of this message.
172.25.41.1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
[root@westosa mnt]# ls
westosfile
[devops@westos_student41 ansible]$ ansible westos -m command -a "rm -fr /mnt/westosfile"
[WARNING]: Consider using the file module with state=absent rather than running 'rm'.
If you need to use command because file is insufficient you can add 'warn: false' to
this command task or set 'command_warnings=False' in ansible.cfg to get rid of this
message.
172.25.41.1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
[root@westosa mnt]# ls
[root@westosa mnt]#
chdir 进入目录执行操作
[devops@westos_student41 ansible]$ ansible westos -m command -a "chdir=/mnt/ touch westosfile"
[WARNING]: Consider using the file module with state=touch rather than running
'touch'. If you need to use command because file is insufficient you can add 'warn:
false' to this command task or set 'command_warnings=False' in ansible.cfg to get rid
of this message.
172.25.41.1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
creates file存在 后面的不执行,removes file存在 后面的执行
[devops@westos_student41 ansible]$ ansible westos -m command -a "creates=/mnt/westosfile touch /mnt/linuxfile"
172.25.41.1 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
skipped, since /mnt/westosfile exists
[devops@westos_student41 ansible]$ ansible westos -m command -a "removes=/mnt/westosfile touch /mnt/linuxfile"
[WARNING]: Consider using the file module with state=touch rather than running
'touch'. If you need to use command because file is insufficient you can add 'warn:
false' to this command task or set 'command_warnings=False' in ansible.cfg to get rid
of this message.
172.25.41.1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
[root@westosa mnt]# ls
linuxfile westosfile
颜色代表信息:
绿色: 执行成功但未对远程主机做任何更改
黄色: 执行成功并对远程主机作改变
红色: 执行失败
3.Shell模块
shell模块可以在远程主机上调用shell解释器运行命令,支持shell的各种功能,例如管道等。
executable=bash 指定shell运行
[devops@westos_student41 ansible]$ ansible westos -m shell -a "ps ax |grep $$"
172.25.41.1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
5108 pts/1 S+ 0:00 /bin/sh -c ps ax |grep 4322
5110 pts/1 R+ 0:00 grep 4322
[devops@westos_student41 ansible]$ ansible westos -m shell -a "executable=bash ps ax |grep $$"
172.25.41.1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
5293 pts/1 S+ 0:00 bash -c ps ax |grep 4322
5295 pts/1 R+ 0:00 grep 4322
脚本运行
[devops@westos_student41 ansible]$ cat hostname.sh
echo hello westos
[devops@westos_student41 ansible]$ ansible westos -m script -a './hostname.sh'
172.25.41.1 | CHANGED => {
"changed": true,
"rc": 0,
"stderr": "Shared connection to 172.25.41.1 closed.\r\n",
"stderr_lines": [
"Shared connection to 172.25.41.1 closed."
],
"stdout": "hello westos\r\n",
"stdout_lines": [
"hello westos"
]
}
4.Copy模块
这个模块用于将文件复制到远程主机,同时支持给定内容生成文件和修改权限等。
src #被复制到远程主机的本地文件。可以是绝对路径,也可以是相对路径。如果路径是一个目录,则会递归复制,用法类似于"rsync"
content #用于替换"src",可以直接指定文件的值
dest #必选项,将源文件复制到的远程主机的绝对路径
backup #当文件内容发生改变后,在覆盖之前把源文件备份,备份文件包含时间信息
directory_mode #递归设定目录的权限,默认为系统默认权限
force #当目标主机包含该文件,但内容不同时,设为"yes",表示强制覆盖;设为"no",表示目标主机的目标位置不存在该文件才复制。默认为"yes"
others #所有的 file 模块中的选项可以在这里使用
复制本地文件到远程主机/mnt下 指定权限为1777
[devops@westos_student41 ansible]$ ls
ansible.cfg inventory test.yaml
[devops@westos_student41 ansible]$ ansible westos -m copy -a 'src=test.yaml dest=/mnt/test.yaml mode=1777'
172.25.41.1 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"checksum": "d89c19a70cb3e0ea095b90f149bdadc46ebc13cd",
"dest": "/mnt/test.yaml",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"md5sum": "ad85738e99a3c6e5ec3970c6a4cfac26",
"mode": "01777",
"owner": "root",
"secontext": "system_u:object_r:mnt_t:s0",
"size": 1150,
"src": "/home/devops/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1629959076.6076407-11254-122232893347708/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
[root@westosa mnt]# ll
total 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Aug 26 14:10 linuxfile
-rwxrwxrwt. 1 root root 1150 Aug 26 14:24 test.yaml
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Aug 26 14:04 westosfile
backup=yes 修改文件之后可以再copy会将之前的文件备份
[devops@westos_student41 ansible]$ vim test.yaml
[devops@westos_student41 ansible]$ ansible westos -m copy -a 'src=test.yaml dest=/mnt/test.yaml mode=1777 owner=westos backup=yes'
172.25.41.1 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"backup_file": "/mnt/test.yaml.6753.2021-08-26@14:32:16~",
"changed": true,
"checksum": "cea0f065fbb21d3660ed12749f26c3dc1eb00438",
"dest": "/mnt/test.yaml",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"md5sum": "6bbcf9b0e80d72cd6a77466961a43fea",
"mode": "01777",
"owner": "westos",
"secontext": "system_u:object_r:mnt_t:s0",
"size": 1156,
"src": "/home/devops/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1629959533.6960654-11557-170862689266381/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 1000
}
[root@westosa mnt]# ll
total 8
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Aug 26 14:10 linuxfile
-rwxrwxrwt. 1 westos root 1156 Aug 26 14:32 test.yaml
-rwxrwxrwt. 1 westos root 1150 Aug 26 14:24 test.yaml.6753.2021-08-26@14:32:16~
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Aug 26 14:04 westosfile
[devops@westos_student41 ansible]$ ansible westos -m copy -a 'dest=/mnt/westos mode=1777 owner=westos backup=yes content="hello westos"'
172.25.41.1 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"checksum": "2ea0e1f1690c797cad50132d7b54dee484d428d4",
"dest": "/mnt/westos",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"md5sum": "dde5c4df2e17f6693afdd6769dcf4e09",
"mode": "01777",
"owner": "westos",
"secontext": "system_u:object_r:mnt_t:s0",
"size": 12,
"src": "/home/devops/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1629959697.664989-11721-204976592233107/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 1000
}
[root@westosa mnt]# cat westos
hello westos[root@westosa mnt]#
5.Fetch模块
该模块用于从远程某主机获取(复制)文件到本地。
有两个选项:
dest:用来存放文件的目录
src:在远程拉取的文件,并且必须是一个file,不能是目录
将远程主机的文件复制到ansible主机中
[devops@westos_student41 ansible]$ ansible westos -m fetch -a "src=/mnt/westos dest=~/.ansible"
172.25.41.1 | CHANGED => {
"changed": true,
"checksum": "2ea0e1f1690c797cad50132d7b54dee484d428d4",
"dest": "/home/devops/.ansible/172.25.41.1/mnt/westos",
"md5sum": "dde5c4df2e17f6693afdd6769dcf4e09",
"remote_checksum": "2ea0e1f1690c797cad50132d7b54dee484d428d4",
"remote_md5sum": null
}
[devops@westos_student41 ansible]$ cd ..
[devops@westos_student41 ~]$ cd .ansible/
[devops@westos_student41 .ansible]$ ls
172.25.41.1 cp tmp
[devops@westos_student41 .ansible]$ cd 172.25.41.1/mnt/
[devops@westos_student41 mnt]$ ls
westos
[devops@westos_student41 mnt]$ cat westos
hello westos[devops@westos_student41 mnt]$
flat=yes 只负责负责文件,但需要给定文件名称
[devops@westos_student41 ansible]$ ansible westos -m fetch -a "src=/mnt/westos dest=~/.ansible/westos flat=yes"
172.25.41.1 | CHANGED => {
"changed": true,
"checksum": "2ea0e1f1690c797cad50132d7b54dee484d428d4",
"dest": "/home/devops/.ansible/westos",
"md5sum": "dde5c4df2e17f6693afdd6769dcf4e09",
"remote_checksum": "2ea0e1f1690c797cad50132d7b54dee484d428d4",
"remote_md5sum": null
}
[devops@westos_student41 ansible]$ cd ..
[devops@westos_student41 ~]$ cd .ansible/
[devops@westos_student41 .ansible]$ ls
172.25.41.1 cp tmp westos
[devops@westos_student41 .ansible]$ cat westos
hello westos[devops@westos_student41 .ansible]$
清理一下westosa的mnt目录
[root@westosa mnt]# rm -fr *
6.File模块
该模块主要用于设置文件的属性,比如创建文件、创建链接文件、删除文件等。
常见的命令:
force #需要在两种情况下强制创建软链接,一种是源文件不存在,但之后会建立的情况下;另一种是目标软链接已存在,需要先取消之前的软链,然后创建新的软链,有两个选项:yes|no
group #定义文件/目录的属组。后面可以加上mode:定义文件/目录的权限
owner #定义文件/目录的属主。后面必须跟上path:定义文件/目录的路径
recurse #递归设置文件的属性,只对目录有效,后面跟上src:被链接的源文件路径,只应用于state=link的情况
dest #被链接到的路径,只应用于state=link的情况
state #状态,有以下选项:
directory:如果目录不存在,就创建目录
file:即使文件不存在,也不会被创建
link:创建软链接
hard:创建硬链接
touch:如果文件不存在,则会创建一个新的文件,如果文件或目录已存在,则更新其最后修改时间
absent:删除目录、文件或者取消链接文件
创建文件
[devops@westos_student41 ansible]$ ansible westos -m file -a 'path=/mnt/westos state=touch'
172.25.41.1 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"dest": "/mnt/westos",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:mnt_t:s0",
"size": 0,
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
[root@westosa mnt]# ls
westos
创建目录
[devops@westos_student41 ansible]$ ansible westos -m file -a 'path=/mnt/westosdir state=directory'
172.25.41.1 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"mode": "0755",
"owner": "root",
"path": "/mnt/westosdir",
"secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:mnt_t:s0",
"size": 6,
"state": "directory",
"uid": 0
}
[root@westosa mnt]# ls
westos westosdir
创建软连接
[devops@westos_student41 ansible]$ ansible westos -m file -a 'path=/mnt/westos.link state=link src=/mnt/westos'
172.25.41.1 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"dest": "/mnt/westos.link",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"mode": "0777",
"owner": "root",
"secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:mnt_t:s0",
"size": 11,
"src": "/mnt/westos",
"state": "link",
"uid": 0
}
[root@westosa mnt]# ll
total 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Aug 26 14:54 westos
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 26 14:56 westosdir
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 11 Aug 26 14:57 westos.link -> /mnt/westos
创建硬链接
[devops@westos_student41 ansible]$ ansible westos -m file -a 'path=/mnt/westos.hard state=hard src=/mnt/westos'
172.25.41.1 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"dest": "/mnt/westos.hard",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:mnt_t:s0",
"size": 0,
"src": "/mnt/westos",
"state": "hard",
"uid": 0
}
[root@westosa mnt]# ll
total 0
-rw-r--r--. 2 root root 0 Aug 26 14:54 westos
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 26 14:56 westosdir
-rw-r--r--. 2 root root 0 Aug 26 14:54 westos.hard
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 11 Aug 26 14:57 westos.link -> /mnt/westos
修改目录权限
[devops@westos_student41 ansible]$ ansible westos -m file -a 'path=/mnt/westosdir/test state=touch'
172.25.41.1 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"dest": "/mnt/westosdir/test",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:mnt_t:s0",
"size": 0,
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
[devops@westos_student41 ansible]$ ansible westos -m file -a 'path=/mnt/westosdir mode=777'
172.25.41.1 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"mode": "0777",
"owner": "root",
"path": "/mnt/westosdir",
"secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:mnt_t:s0",
"size": 18,
"state": "directory",
"uid": 0
}
[root@westosa mnt]# ll
total 0
-rw-r--r--. 2 root root 0 Aug 26 14:54 westos
drwxrwxrwx. 2 root root 18 Aug 26 15:04 westosdir
-rw-r--r--. 2 root root 0 Aug 26 14:54 westos.hard
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 11 Aug 26 14:57 westos.link -> /mnt/westos
[root@westosa mnt]# cd westosdir/
[root@westosa westosdir]# ll
total 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Aug 26 15:04 test
recurse=yes 递归修改目录权限和目录中子文件的权限
[devops@westos_student41 ansible]$ ansible westos -m file -a 'path=/mnt/westosdir mode=777 recurse=yes'
172.25.41.1 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"mode": "0777",
"owner": "root",
"path": "/mnt/westosdir",
"secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:mnt_t:s0",
"size": 18,
"state": "directory",
"uid": 0
}
[root@westosa westosdir]# ll
total 0
-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 0 Aug 26 15:04 test
[root@westosa mnt]# rm -fr *
7.Archive与unarchive模块
archive压缩
[devops@westos_student41 ansible]$ ansible westos -m archive -a 'path=/etc dest=/mnt/etc.tar.gz format=gz owner=westos mode=777'
172.25.41.1 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"archived": [
"/etc/mtab",
"/etc/fstab",
"/etc/crypttab",
......
"/etc/smartmontools/smartd.conf",
"/etc/smartmontools/smartd_warning.sh"
],
"arcroot": "//",
"changed": true,
"dest": "/mnt/etc.tar.gz",
"expanded_exclude_paths": [],
"expanded_paths": [
"/etc"
],
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"missing": [],
"mode": "0777",
"owner": "westos",
"secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:mnt_t:s0",
"size": 6795808,
"state": "file",
"uid": 1000
}
[root@westosa mnt]# ll
total 6640
-rwxrwxrwx. 1 westos root 6795808 Aug 26 15:13 etc.tar.gz
unarchive解压
[devops@westos_student41 ansible]$ ansible westos -m unarchive -a 'src=/mnt/etc.tar.gz dest=/mnt/ copy=no'
172.25.41.1 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"dest": "/mnt/",
"extract_results": {
"cmd": [
"/bin/gtar",
"--extract",
"-C",
"/mnt/",
"-z",
"-f",
"/mnt/etc.tar.gz"
],
"err": "",
"out": "",
"rc": 0
},
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"handler": "TgzArchive",
"mode": "0755",
"owner": "root",
"secontext": "system_u:object_r:mnt_t:s0",
"size": 35,
"src": "/mnt/etc.tar.gz",
"state": "directory",
"uid": 0
}
[root@westosa mnt]# ll
total 6652
drwxr-xr-x. 131 root root 8192 Aug 26 15:18 etc
-rwxrwxrwx. 1 westos root 6795808 Aug 26 15:13 etc.tar.gz
[root@westosa mnt]# rm -fr *
8.hostname、Cron模块
hostname模块 修改主机名称
[devops@westos_student41 ansible]$ ansible westos -m hostname -a 'name=www.westos.com'
172.25.41.1 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"ansible_domain": "westos.com",
"ansible_fqdn": "www.westos.com",
"ansible_hostname": "www",
"ansible_nodename": "www.westos.com",
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"name": "www.westos.com"
}
[devops@westos_student41 ansible]$ ansible westos -m shell -a 'hostname'
172.25.41.1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
www.westos.com
[devops@westos_student41 ansible]$ ansible westos -m hostname -a 'name=westosa'
172.25.41.1 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"ansible_domain": "",
"ansible_fqdn": "westosa",
"ansible_hostname": "westosa",
"ansible_nodename": "westosa",
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"name": "westosa"
}
[devops@westos_student41 ansible]$ ansible westos -m shell -a 'hostname'
172.25.41.1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
westosa
cron模块 设定定时任务
该模块适用于管理cron计划任务的。
其使用的语法跟我们的crontab文件中的语法一致。
常用命令:
day= #日应该运行的工作( 1-31, *, */2, )
hour= # 小时 ( 0-23, *, */2, )
minute= #分钟( 0-59, *, */2, )
month= # 月( 1-12, *, /2, )
weekday= # 周 ( 0-6 for Sunday-Saturday,, )
job= #指明运行的命令是什么
name= #定时任务描述
reboot # 任务在重启时运行,不建议使用,建议使用special_time
special_time #特殊的时间范围,参数:reboot(重启时),annually(每年),monthly(每月),weekly(每周),daily(每天),hourly(每小时)
state #指定状态,present表示添加定时任务,也是默认设置,absent表示删除定时任务
user # 以哪个用户的身份执行
建立定时任务,每周五执行一次
[devops@westos_student41 ansible]$ ansible westos -m cron -a "job='echo hello westos' name=westoscron weekday=5"
172.25.41.1 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"envs": [],
"jobs": [
"westoscron"
]
}
[devops@westos_student41 ansible]$ ansible westos -m shell -a 'cat /var/spool/cron/root'
172.25.41.1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
#Ansible: westoscron
* * * * 5 echo hello westos
删除定时任务 (注释任务)
[devops@westos_student41 ansible]$ ansible westos -m cron -a "job='echo hello westos' name=westoscron weekday=5 disabled=yes"
172.25.41.1 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"envs": [],
"jobs": [
"westoscron"
]
}
[devops@westos_student41 ansible]$ ansible westos -m shell -a 'cat /var/spool/cron/root'
172.25.41.1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
#Ansible: westoscron
#* * * * 5 echo hello westos
9.yum_repository模块
该模块用于软件仓库的配置。
实验:配置软件仓库文件 /etc/yum.repos.d/westos.repo
删除之前存在的配置文件
[devops@westos_student41 ansible]$ ansible westos -m shell -a 'rm -fr /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo'
[WARNING]: Consider using the file module with state=absent rather than running
'rm'. If you need to use command because file is insufficient you can add
'warn: false' to this command task or set 'command_warnings=False' in
ansible.cfg to get rid of this message.
172.25.41.1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
[devops@westos_student41 ansible]$ ansible westos -m yum_repository -a 'name="AppStream" baseurl=http://172.25.41.250/rhel8.2/AppStream description=AppStream file=westos enabled=yes gpgcheck=no'
172.25.41.1 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"repo": "AppStream",
"state": "present"
}
[devops@westos_student41 ansible]$ ansible westos -m yum_repository -a 'name="BaseOS" baseurl=http://172.25.41.250/rhel8.2/BaseOS description=BaseOS file=westos enabled=yes gpgcheck=no'
172.25.41.1 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"repo": "BaseOS",
"state": "present"
}
[root@westosa yum.repos.d]# ls
westos.repo
[root@westosa yum.repos.d]# cat westos.repo
[AppStream]
baseurl = http://172.25.41.250/rhel8.2/AppStream
enabled = 1
gpgcheck = 0
name = AppStream
[BaseOS]
baseurl = http://172.25.41.250/rhel8.2/BaseOS
enabled = 1
gpgcheck = 0
name = BaseOS
10.dnf模块
该模块主要用于软件的安装。
其命令如下:
name= #所安装的包的名称
state= #present--->安装, latest--->安装最新的, absent---> 卸载软件。
update_cache #强制更新yum的缓存
conf_file #指定远程yum安装时所依赖的配置文件(安装本地已有的包)。
disable_pgp_check #是否禁止GPG checking,只用于presentor latest。
disablerepo #临时禁止使用yum库。 只用于安装或更新时。
enablerepo #临时使用的yum库。只用于安装或更新时。
安装httpd
[devops@westos_student41 ansible]$ ansible westos -m dnf -a 'name=httpd state=present'
172.25.41.1 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"msg": "",
"rc": 0,
"results": [
"Installed: apr-util-openssl-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64",
"Installed: httpd-filesystem-2.4.37-21.module+el8.2.0+5008+cca404a3.noarch",
"Installed: apr-1.6.3-9.el8.x86_64",
"Installed: apr-util-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64",
"Installed: redhat-logos-httpd-81.1-1.el8.noarch",
"Installed: apr-util-bdb-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64",
"Installed: httpd-tools-2.4.37-21.module+el8.2.0+5008+cca404a3.x86_64",
"Installed: mod_http2-1.11.3-3.module+el8.2.0+4377+dc421495.x86_64",
"Installed: httpd-2.4.37-21.module+el8.2.0+5008+cca404a3.x86_64"
]
}
卸载httpd
[devops@westos_student41 ansible]$ ansible westos -m dnf -a 'name=httpd state=absent'
172.25.41.1 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"msg": "",
"rc": 0,
"results": [
"Removed: mod_http2-1.11.3-3.module+el8.2.0+4377+dc421495.x86_64",
"Removed: httpd-2.4.37-21.module+el8.2.0+5008+cca404a3.x86_64"
]
}
11.service、firewalld模块
service模块
该模块用于服务程序的管理。
其常用命令如下:
arguments #命令行提供额外的参数
enabled #设置开机启动。
name= #服务名称
runlevel #开机启动的级别,一般不用指定。
sleep #在重启服务的过程中,是否等待。如在服务关闭以后等待2秒再启动。(定义在剧本中。)
state #有四种状态,分别为:started--->启动服务, stopped--->停止服务, restarted--->重启服务, reloaded--->重载配置
下载httpd服务
[devops@westos_student41 ansible]$ ansible westos -m dnf -a 'name=httpd state=present'
172.25.41.1 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"msg": "",
"rc": 0,
"results": [
"Installed: mod_http2-1.11.3-3.module+el8.2.0+4377+dc421495.x86_64",
"Installed: httpd-2.4.37-21.module+el8.2.0+5008+cca404a3.x86_64"
]
}
开启服务
[devops@westos_student41 ansible]$ ansible westos -m service -a 'name=httpd state=started enabled=yes'
172.25.41.1 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"enabled": true,
"name": "httpd",
"state": "started",
"status": {
"ActiveEnterTimestampMonotonic": "0",
"ActiveExitTimestampMonotonic": "0",
......
"UnitFileState": "disabled",
"UtmpMode": "init",
"Wants": "httpd-init.service",
"WatchdogTimestampMonotonic": "0",
"WatchdogUSec": "0"
}
}
开启火墙,immediate=yes 立即开启
[devops@westos_student41 ansible]$ ansible westos -m firewalld -a 'service=http permanent=yes state=enabled immediate=yes'
172.25.41.1 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"msg": "Permanent and Non-Permanent(immediate) operation, Changed service http to enabled"
}
测试:编辑默认发布目录
[devops@westos_student41 ansible]$ ansible westos -m copy -a 'dest=/var/www/html/index.html content="hello westos"'
172.25.41.1 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": true,
"checksum": "2ea0e1f1690c797cad50132d7b54dee484d428d4",
"dest": "/var/www/html/index.html",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"md5sum": "dde5c4df2e17f6693afdd6769dcf4e09",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"secontext": "system_u:object_r:httpd_sys_content_t:s0",
"size": 12,
"src": "/home/devops/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1629970235.793403-20791-168836060169032/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}