这次实验都是采用布局文件应用实现,所以首先在res/的目录下鼠标右击new>Directory,目录命名为menu,这里注意一定要写menu这个名字,不然Android studio 不会显示资源文件。
在menu下创建三个文件步骤为鼠标右击点击new>Menu Resrouce File 文件,名字随便。
context_menu.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto">
<item
android:id="@+id/find"
android:title="搜索"
android:icon="@drawable/baseline_find_replace_24"
app:showAsAction="always"
></item>
<item
android:id="@+id/add"
android:title="添加"
android:icon="@drawable/baseline_find_replace_24"
app:showAsAction="never"
></item>
<item
android:id="@+id/about"
android:title="关于"
android:icon="@drawable/baseline_find_replace_24"
app:showAsAction="never"
></item>
</menu>
option_menu.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<item
android:id="@+id/delete"
android:title="删除"
android:icon="@drawable/baseline_find_replace_24"
></item>
<item
android:id="@+id/exit"
android:title="退出"
android:icon="@drawable/baseline_find_replace_24"
></item>
</menu>
pop_menu.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<item
android:id="@+id/vir"
android:title="隐藏"
android:icon="@drawable/baseline_find_replace_24"
/>
<item
android:id="@+id/rename"
android:title="重命名"
android:icon="@drawable/baseline_find_replace_24"
>
<menu>
<item
android:id="@+id/news"
android:title="新建" />
<item
android:id="@+id/open"
android:title="打开" />
</menu>
</item>
</menu>
三个资源文件创建完成后,开始Activity_main的构建
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:id="@+id/main"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
<Button
android:id="@+id/bt"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_margin="20dp"
android:layout_height="60dp"
android:textSize="20dp"
android:text="点击跳转Activity"
></Button>
<Button
android:id="@+id/bt2"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_margin="20dp"
android:layout_height="60dp"
android:textSize="20dp"
android:text="上下文菜单"
></Button>
<Button
android:id="@+id/bt3"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_margin="20dp"
android:layout_height="60dp"
android:textSize="20dp"
android:text="弹出式菜单"
></Button>
</LinearLayout>
我这里还加了一个跳转其他页面的代码,主要实现目的是点击后实现返回,不用点击系统返回键(假如菜单栏没有显示可以看我前面写的博客(Android默认菜单不显示))
要显示不用点击系统返回键返回,这就涉及manifests/AndroidManifests.xml的配置也很简单在每个activity页面添加一个他们的父类属性就可以实现跳转android:parentActivityName=".Activity2"
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools">
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:dataExtractionRules="@xml/data_extraction_rules"
android:fullBackupContent="@xml/backup_rules"
android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name1"
android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
android:supportsRtl="true"
android:theme="@style/Theme.Menu_s"
tools:targetApi="31">
<activity
android:name=".Activity3"
android:label="@string/app_name1"
android:parentActivityName=".Activity2" //这就是父类属性
android:exported="false" />
<activity
android:name=".Activity2"
android:label="@string/app_name1"
android:parentActivityName=".MainActivity"
android:exported="false" />
<activity
android:name=".MainActivity"
android:label="@string/app_name1"
android:exported="true">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
</application>
</manifest>
然后就可以开始实现MainActivity.java的内容,
首先实现点击跳转Activity2的关键代码,在onCreate方法中实现
Button button = findViewById(R.id.bt);
button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this,Activity2.class);
startActivity(intent);
}
});
实现选择菜单关键代码,其实就是两个方法一个创建视图一个绑定id这里可以用swicth但是需要在Gradle里面配置一点属性,挺麻烦的我直接就用if了
//在 Android 应用中,onCreateOptionsMenu() 方法负责创建选项菜单,并将菜单项添加到应用的操作栏(ActionBar)中。这个方法通常在 Activity 的生命周期中被调用,用于初始化菜单。
@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
getMenuInflater().inflate(net.micode.menu_s.R.menu.content_menu,menu);
return true;
}
@Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(@NonNull MenuItem item) {
if (item.getItemId() == R.id.find) {
Toast.makeText(this, "find", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} else if (item.getItemId() == R.id.add) {
Toast.makeText(this, "add", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} else if (item.getItemId() == R.id.about) {
Toast.makeText(this, "about", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
finish();
} else {
return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item); // 在default分支中调用super.onOptionsItemSelected(item)并返回其结果
}
return true;
}
上下文菜单的实现,首先 onCreate的方法,先读到那个button的id,在把用id实现注册上下文菜单,
Button button2 = findViewById(R.id.bt2); // 为 TextView 注册上下文菜单 registerForContextMenu(button2);
@Override
public void onCreateContextMenu(ContextMenu menu, View v, ContextMenu.ContextMenuInfo menuInfo) {
getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.option_menu,menu);
}
@Override
public boolean onContextItemSelected(@NonNull MenuItem item) {
if (item.getItemId() == R.id.delete) {
Toast.makeText(this, "delete", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} else if (item.getItemId() == R.id.exit) {
Toast.makeText(this, "exit", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
finish();
} else {
return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item); // 在default分支中调用super.onOptionsItemSelected(item)并返回其结果
}
return true;
}
实现弹出菜单这个实现不同上面两个可以很方便的写在onCreate的方法在面,这个实现方法写在onCreate方法里面方便一点,当然你熟悉的话也可以下载onCreate的方法外面,这样可读性更高。
Button button3 = findViewById(R.id.bt3);
button3.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
// 创建 PopupMenu 对象,传入当前活动和触发弹出菜单的 View
PopupMenu popupMenu = new PopupMenu(MainActivity.this,button3);
// 在弹出菜单中加载菜单项
popupMenu.getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.pop_menu,popupMenu.getMenu());
// 设置弹出菜单项的点击事件监听器
popupMenu.setOnMenuItemClickListener(new PopupMenu.OnMenuItemClickListener() {
@Override
public boolean onMenuItemClick(MenuItem item) {
if (item.getItemId() == R.id.vir) {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "vir", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return true;
} else if (item.getItemId() == R.id.rename) {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "rename", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
//显示子菜单
SubMenu subMenu = popupMenu.getMenu().findItem(R.id.rename).getSubMenu();
subMenu.findItem(R.id.news).setOnMenuItemClickListener(new MenuItem.OnMenuItemClickListener() {
@Override
public boolean onMenuItemClick(MenuItem item) {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "news", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return true; // 表示事件已处理
}
});
subMenu.findItem(R.id.open).setOnMenuItemClickListener(new MenuItem.OnMenuItemClickListener() {
@Override
public boolean onMenuItemClick(MenuItem item) {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "open", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
finish();
return true; // 表示事件已处理
}
});
return true;
} else {
return false; // 在default分支中调用super.onOptionsItemSelected(item)并返回其结果
}
}
});
//显示菜单
popupMenu.show();
}
});
全部Main_Activity.java代码
package net.micode.menu_s;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.ContextMenu;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.SubMenu;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.PopupMenu;
import android.widget.Toast;
import androidx.appcompat.widget.Toolbar;
import androidx.activity.EdgeToEdge;
import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.core.graphics.Insets;
import androidx.core.view.ViewCompat;
import androidx.core.view.WindowInsetsCompat;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
EdgeToEdge.enable(this);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
// 找到 Toolbar
// Toolbar toolbar = findViewById(R.id.toolbar);
// setSupportActionBar(toolbar); // 将 Toolbar 设置为活动的操作栏
Button button = findViewById(R.id.bt);
Button button2 = findViewById(R.id.bt2);
Button button3 = findViewById(R.id.bt3);
// 为 TextView 注册上下文菜单
registerForContextMenu(button2);
setTitle("菜单");
ViewCompat.setOnApplyWindowInsetsListener(findViewById(R.id.main), (v, insets) -> {
Insets systemBars = insets.getInsets(WindowInsetsCompat.Type.systemBars());
v.setPadding(systemBars.left, systemBars.top, systemBars.right, systemBars.bottom);
return insets;
});
button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this,Activity2.class);
startActivity(intent);
}
});
//实现弹出菜单
button3.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
// 创建 PopupMenu 对象,传入当前活动和触发弹出菜单的 View
PopupMenu popupMenu = new PopupMenu(MainActivity.this,button3);
// 在弹出菜单中加载菜单项
popupMenu.getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.pop_menu,popupMenu.getMenu());
// 设置弹出菜单项的点击事件监听器
popupMenu.setOnMenuItemClickListener(new PopupMenu.OnMenuItemClickListener() {
@Override
public boolean onMenuItemClick(MenuItem item) {
if (item.getItemId() == R.id.vir) {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "vir", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return true;
} else if (item.getItemId() == R.id.rename) {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "rename", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
//显示子菜单
SubMenu subMenu = popupMenu.getMenu().findItem(R.id.rename).getSubMenu();
subMenu.findItem(R.id.news).setOnMenuItemClickListener(new MenuItem.OnMenuItemClickListener() {
@Override
public boolean onMenuItemClick(MenuItem item) {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "news", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return true; // 表示事件已处理
}
});
subMenu.findItem(R.id.open).setOnMenuItemClickListener(new MenuItem.OnMenuItemClickListener() {
@Override
public boolean onMenuItemClick(MenuItem item) {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "open", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
finish();
return true; // 表示事件已处理
}
});
return true;
} else {
return false; // 在default分支中调用super.onOptionsItemSelected(item)并返回其结果
}
}
});
//显示菜单
popupMenu.show();
}
});
}
//在 Android 应用中,onCreateOptionsMenu() 方法负责创建选项菜单,并将菜单项添加到应用的操作栏(ActionBar)中。这个方法通常在 Activity 的生命周期中被调用,用于初始化菜单。
@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
getMenuInflater().inflate(net.micode.menu_s.R.menu.content_menu,menu);
return true;
}
@Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(@NonNull MenuItem item) {
if (item.getItemId() == R.id.find) {
Toast.makeText(this, "find", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} else if (item.getItemId() == R.id.add) {
Toast.makeText(this, "add", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} else if (item.getItemId() == R.id.about) {
Toast.makeText(this, "about", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
finish();
} else {
return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item); // 在default分支中调用super.onOptionsItemSelected(item)并返回其结果
}
return true;
}
//上下文菜单的实现
@Override
public void onCreateContextMenu(ContextMenu menu, View v, ContextMenu.ContextMenuInfo menuInfo) {
getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.option_menu,menu);
}
@Override
public boolean onContextItemSelected(@NonNull MenuItem item) {
if (item.getItemId() == R.id.delete) {
Toast.makeText(this, "delete", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} else if (item.getItemId() == R.id.exit) {
Toast.makeText(this, "exit", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
finish();
} else {
return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item); // 在default分支中调用super.onOptionsItemSelected(item)并返回其结果
}
return true;
}
}
子菜单的实现,先获取子菜单父类的id然后经过setOnMenuItemClickListener方法对他处理
subMenu.findItem(R.id.open)这个是读取子菜单的id
SubMenu subMenu = popupMenu.getMenu().findItem(R.id.rename).getSubMenu();
subMenu.findItem(R.id.news).setOnMenuItemClickListener(new MenuItem.OnMenuItemClickListener() {
@Override
public boolean onMenuItemClick(MenuItem item) {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "news", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return true; // 表示事件已处理
}
});
subMenu.findItem(R.id.open).setOnMenuItemClickListener(new MenuItem.OnMenuItemClickListener() {
@Override
public boolean onMenuItemClick(MenuItem item) {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "open", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
finish();
return true; // 表示事件已处理
}
});