HCIA静态综合实验（复习）

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_57243925/article/details/127812037

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本文档详细阐述了一项网络配置任务，包括IP地址分配、DHCP设置、静态及浮动路由配置、NAT和端口映射以及telnet设置。通过对R1至R6路由器的配置，确保了局域网内设备的互联互通，并实现了ISP接入，同时避免了环路，优化了路由选择。测试环节验证了配置的正确性。

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一、网络拓扑

在这里插入图片描述

二、要求

1、R6为ISP，接口地址均为公有地址，该设备只能设置IP地址，之后不能再对其进行任何配置
2、R1-R5为局域网，私有地址为192.168.1.0/24，请进行合理分配
3、R1、R2、R4各有两个环回地址，R5、R6各有一个环回地址。所有路由器上的环回均代表连接用户的接口
4、R3下的两台pc通过DHCP自动获取IP地址
5、选路最佳，路由表尽量小，避免环路
6、R1-R5均可访问R6的环回
7、R6 telnet R5公有地址时，实际登录到R1上
8、R4与R5之间正常走1000M，备份走100M

三、分析

1、划分IP地址及环回地址
2、在R3上开启DHCP协议
3、R4和R5之间创建一条浮动静态路由
4、在R5上进行地址转换，端口映射
5、在R1上配置telnet

四、配置内容

1、配置各个设备的接口IP

[R1]int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.1 30
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.5 30

[R2]int g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.2 30
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.9 30

[R3]int g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.6 30
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.13 30
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 192.168.1.97 27

[R4]int g0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.10 30
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.14  30
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 192.168.1.17 30
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g4/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.21 30 

[R5]int g0/0/0
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.18 30
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.22 30
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 12.0.0.1 24

[ISP]int g0/0/0
[ISP-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 12.0.0.2 24

2、配置环回接口

[R1]int LoopBack 0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.33 28
[R1-LoopBack0]int lo1
[R1-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.49 28

[R2]int lo0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.65 28
[R2-LoopBack0]int lo1
[R2-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.81 28

[R4]int lo0
[R4-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.129 28
[R4-LoopBack0]int lo1
[R4-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.145 28

[R5]int LoopBack 0
[R5-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.161 27

[ISP]int lo0
[ISP-LoopBack0]ip address 1.1.1.1 24

3、为路由器R3配置DHCP，并进行测试

[R3]dhcp enable 
[R3]ip pool 2
[R3-ip-pool-2]network 192.168.1.96 mask 27
[R3-ip-pool-2]gateway-list 192.168.1.97
[R3-ip-pool-2]dns-list 114.114.114.114
[R3]int g0/0/2
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]dhcp select global

在这里插入图片描述

4、配置骨干链路路由及环回地址路由

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.2   
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.6
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.6
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.6

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.1
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.1
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.1
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.10

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.5
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.14
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.5
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.14
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.5
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.14

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.9
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.13
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.9
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.13
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.9
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.13

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.17

5、配置缺省路由

[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.2 
[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.6

[R2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.10

[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.14

[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.18

6、配置浮动静态路由

[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22 preference 70

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.21  pre 70
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.21  pre 70
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.21  pre 70
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.21  pre 70
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.21  pre 70
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.21  pre 70
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.21  pre 70
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.21  pre 70

7、配置空接口

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 NULL 0

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 NULL 0

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 NULL 0

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 NULL 0

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 NULL 0

8、在R5上设置地址转换和端口映射

[R5]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 12.0.0.2

[R5]acl 2000
[R5-acl-basic-2000]rule  permit source 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
[R5]int g0/0/2
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]nat outbound 2000

[R5]int g0/0/2
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]nat server protocol tcp global current-interface 23 inside 192.168.1.1 23

9、在R1上设置telnet

[R1]user-interface vty 0 4
[R1-ui-vty0-4]authentication-mode aaa
[R1]aaa
[R1-aaa]local-user huawei password cipher 123 privilege level 15
[R1-aaa]local-user huawei service-type telnet