Linux-系统基础命令认识

Evelynne Alpha

已于 2024-07-17 21:58:09 修改

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分类专栏： Linux 文章标签： linux

于 2024-07-11 14:35:11 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_57370131/article/details/140351513

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Linux系统基础命令

1. uname -a 或者 cat /proc/version # 查看当前操作系统的Linux内核版本
2. lsb_release -a # 查看Linux系统发行版本(需要单独安装lsb: yum -y install rehat_lsb)
3. hostname # 显示主机名
4. date # 显示日期与时间
5. exit # 退出登录
6. powerful 或者 shutdown 或者 init 0 关机
7. reboot # 重启
8. uptime # 查看系统的负载情况
9. free -m # 显示当前系统中的内存使用量情况
10. who # 查看当前登录主机的用户情况
11. last # 查看系统的所有用户登录记录
12. history # 显示历史执行过的命令
13. echo [字符串 | 变量] # 在终端显示字符串或变量
14. ip add show 或者 ifconfig # 查看网络状态
15. su 或者 su - # 切换用户



# 实践
# 1. 查看系统内核版本
[zy@localhost ~]$ uname -a
Linux localhost.localdomain 3.10.0-1160.81.1.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Fri Dec 16 17:29:43 UTC 2022 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[zy@localhost ~]$ 
[zy@localhost ~]$ cat /proc/version
Linux version 3.10.0-1160.81.1.el7.x86_64 (mockbuild@kbuilder.bsys.centos.org) (gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Fri Dec 16 17:29:43 UTC 2022
[zy@localhost ~]$ 

# 2. 查看系统发行版本
[zy@localhost ~]$ 
[zy@localhost ~]$ lsb_release -a
LSB Version:	:core-4.1-amd64:core-4.1-noarch:cxx-4.1-amd64:cxx-4.1-noarch:desktop-4.1-amd64:desktop-4.1-noarch:languages-4.1-amd64:languages-4.1-noarch:printing-4.1-amd64:printing-4.1-noarch
Distributor ID:	CentOS
Description:	CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core) 
Release:	7.4.1708
Codename:	Core
[zy@localhost ~]$ 

# 3. 查看日期和时间
[zy@localhost ~]$ date
Sat Jan 28 03:26:33 CST 2023
[zy@localhost ~]$ 

# 4. 退出当前登录
[root@localhost ~]# exit
logout
[zy@localhost ~]$ 

# 5. 查看你系统用户负载情况
[zy@localhost ~]$ uptime
 03:27:58 up  4:26,  3 users,  load average: 0.00, 0.02, 0.05
[zy@localhost ~]$ 

# 6. 查看系统的内存使用情况
[zy@localhost ~]$ free -m
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           1819         698         487         9         633         895
Swap:          2047           0        2047
[zy@localhost ~]$ 

# 7. 查看有哪些用户登录该系统
[zy@localhost ~]$ who
zy       :0(GUI)           2023-01-27 23:02 (:0)
zy       pts/0(伪终端)        2023-01-27 23:08 (:0)
zy       pts/1        2023-01-28 03:11 (192.168.8.1)
[zy@localhost ~]$ 

# 8. 查看系统的所有用户登录状态
[zy@localhost ~]$ last
zy       pts/1        192.168.8.1      Sat Jan 28 03:11   still logged in   
zy       pts/0        :0               Fri Jan 27 23:08   still logged in   
zy       pts/0        :0               Fri Jan 27 23:02 - 23:02  (00:00)    
zy       pts/0        :0               Fri Jan 27 23:02 - 23:02  (00:00)    
zy       :0           :0               Fri Jan 27 23:02   still logged in   
reboot   system boot  3.10.0-1160.81.1 Fri Jan 27 23:01 - 03:36  (04:34)    
root     pts/0        :0               Mon Dec 12 23:26 - 23:26  (00:00)    
root     pts/1        :0               Mon Dec 12 23:20 - 23:26  (00:05)    
root     pts/0        :0               Mon Dec 12 23:20 - 23:26  (00:05)    
root     :0           :0               Mon Dec 12 23:19 - down   (00:07)    
reboot   system boot  3.10.0-693.el7.x Mon Dec 12 23:19 - 23:26  (00:07)    

wtmp begins Mon Dec 12 23:19:02 2022
[zy@localhost ~]$ 

# 9.查看之前使用过的历史命令并调用
zy@localhost ~]$ history
    1  ifconfig
    2  ping www.qq.com
   39  who
   40  last
   41  history
[zy@localhost ~]$ !history   或者 !41
    1  ifconfig
    2  ping www.qq.com
   39  who
   40  last
   41  history
 [zy@localhost ~]$ 
 
 # 10. 在终端显示字符串|变量   | 对文件进行追加
[zy@localhost ~]$ echo "xiaozhou"
xiaozhou
[zy@localhost ~]$ 

# 11. 查看网卡信息
[zy@localhost ~]$ ip add show#(简略信息) | ifconfig#(详细信息)
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:50:56:3f:96:8d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.8.152/24 brd 192.168.8.255 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::f3b3:cb7d:dd78:78ca/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:7e:92:33 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:7e:92:33 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
[zy@localhost ~]$ 

# 11. 切换用户
[zy@localhost ~]$ su - root
Password: 
Last login: Sat Jan 28 03:18:42 CST 2023 on pts/1
[root@localhost ~]# 

# 12. 清屏
[zy@localhost ~]$clear  或者 CTRL + L
[zy@localhost ~]$ 

# 13. 重启 | 关机
[root@localhost ~]#  reboot
[root@localhost ~]#  shutdonw -h now  或者 powerful 或者 init 0