OpenCV-图像分割

下面我们将讲述的是分水岭方法

图像的灰度空间很像地球表面的整个地理结构，每个像素的灰度值代表高度。其中的灰度值较大的像素连成的线可以看做山脊，也就是分水岭。

分水岭的算法步骤

二值化

import cv2
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
img = cv2.imread('coins.jpg')
gray = cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
ret, thresh = cv2.threshold(gray,0,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV+cv2.THRESH_OTSU)
plt.imshow(thresh, cmap='gray')
plt.show()

形态学

#开运算
kernel = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_RECT, (3,3))
opening = cv2.morphologyEx(thresh, cv2.MORPH_OPEN, kernel, iterations=2)
plt.imshow(opening, cmap='gray')
#膨胀
sure_bg = cv2.dilate(opening, kernel, iterations=2)
plt.imshow(sure_bg, cmap='gray')
#腐蚀
sure_fg = cv2.erode(opening, kernel, iterations=2)
plt.imshow(sure_fg, cmap='gray')
#减法
unknown = cv2.subtract(sure_bg, sure_fg)
plt.imshow(unknown, cmap='gray')
plt.show()

距离变换

dist_transform = cv2.distanceTransform(opening, cv2.DIST_L2, 5)
#归一化图像
cv2.normalize(dist_transform, dist_transform, 0, 1.0, cv2.NORM_MINMAX)
plt.imshow(dist_transform, cmap='gray')
#寻找前景区域
ret, sure_fg = cv2.threshold(dist_transform, 0.5*dist_transform.max(), 255, 0)
plt.imshow(sure_fg, cmap='gray')
#寻找不确定区域
sure_fg = np.uint8(sure_fg)
unknown = cv2.subtract(sure_bg,sure_fg)
plt.imshow(unknown, cmap='gray')

标记图像

# 标记maker
ret, markers = cv2.connectedComponents(sure_fg)
# 如果是背景区域，maker加一
markers = markers+1
#如果是不确定点，maker为0
markers[unknown==255] = 0

应用分水岭

markers = cv2.watershed(img, markers)
img[markers==-1] = [0,0,255] # 将边界标记为红色
img = cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_RGB2BGR)
plt.figure(1)
plt.imshow(markers, cmap='gray')
plt.figure(2)
plt.imshow(img, cmap='gray')
plt.show()

案例@ Fu Xianjun. All Rights Reserved.