实例3：卷积神经网络ResNet18+tensorflow2实现（完整代码+注释）

基本思想：随着梯度的加深，后面的的梯度很难传播到前面的层，因此加入了一个短接的思想
basic block包含了2个卷积层和1个短接线（如下图）

basicblock示意图

一个resblock示意图

 

resnet18示意图

 定义resnet18的代码

import  tensorflow as tf
from    tensorflow import keras
from    tensorflow.keras import layers, Sequential



class BasicBlock(layers.Layer):
    # 残差模块
    def __init__(self, filter_num, stride=1):
        super(BasicBlock, self).__init__()
        # 第一个卷积单元
        self.conv1 = layers.Conv2D(filter_num, (3, 3), strides=stride, padding='same')
        # padding会根据你的步长进行补全，步长为1，输出=输入
        self.bn1 = layers.BatchNormalization()
        self.relu = layers.Activation('relu')
        # 第二个卷积单元
        self.conv2 = layers.Conv2D(filter_num, (3, 3), strides=1, padding='same')
        self.bn2 = layers.BatchNormalization()

        if stride != 1:# 通过1x1卷积完成shape匹配
            self.downsample = Sequential()
            self.downsample.add(layers.Conv2D(filter_num, (1, 1), strides=stride))
        else:# shape匹配，直接短接
            self.downsample = lambda x:x

    def call(self, inputs, training=None):

        # [b, h, w, c]，通过第一个卷积单元
        out = self.conv1(inputs)
        out = self.bn1(out)
        out = self.relu(out)
        # 通过第二个卷积单元
        out = self.conv2(out)
        out = self.bn2(out)
        # 通过identity模块
        identity = self.downsample(inputs) # 注意这里下采样的输入是input，这样才能将size恢复到和输入一样
        # 2条路径输出直接相加
        output = layers.add([out, identity])
        output = tf.nn.relu(output) # 为了防止参数混淆，使用函数的relu进行激活 

        return output


class ResNet(keras.Model):
    # 通用的ResNet实现类
    def __init__(self, layer_dims, num_classes=10): # [2, 2, 2, 2] 4个resblock，每个所包含的basicblock的个数
        super(ResNet, self).__init__()
        # 根网络，预处理
        self.stem = Sequential([layers.Conv2D(64, (3, 3), strides=(1, 1)),
                                layers.BatchNormalization(),
                                layers.Activation('relu'),
                                layers.MaxPool2D(pool_size=(2, 2), strides=(1, 1), padding='same')
                                ])
        # 堆叠4个Block，每个block包含了多个BasicBlock,设置步长不一样
        self.layer1 = self.build_resblock(64,  layer_dims[0])
        self.layer2 = self.build_resblock(128, layer_dims[1], stride=2) #步长为2，使得size变小，channel变长
        self.layer3 = self.build_resblock(256, layer_dims[2], stride=2)
        self.layer4 = self.build_resblock(512, layer_dims[3], stride=2) # 此时输出的维度无法具体知道

        # 通过Pooling层将高宽降低为1x1 output：[b,512,h,w] >> [b,512,1,1]
        self.avgpool = layers.GlobalAveragePooling2D()
        # 最后连接一个全连接层分类
        self.fc = layers.Dense(num_classes)

    def call(self, inputs, training=None):
        # 通过根网络
        x = self.stem(inputs)
        # 一次通过4个模块
        x = self.layer1(x)
        x = self.layer2(x)
        x = self.layer3(x)
        x = self.layer4(x)

        # 通过池化层
        x = self.avgpool(x)
        # 通过全连接层
        x = self.fc(x)

        return x



    def build_resblock(self, filter_num, blocks, stride=1):
        # 辅助函数，堆叠filter_num个BasicBlock
        res_blocks = Sequential()
        # 只有第一个BasicBlock的步长可能不为1，实现下采样
        res_blocks.add(BasicBlock(filter_num, stride))

        for _ in range(1, blocks):#其他BasicBlock步长都为1
            res_blocks.add(BasicBlock(filter_num, stride=1))

        return res_blocks


def resnet18():
    # 通过调整模块内部BasicBlock的数量和配置实现不同的ResNet
    return ResNet([2, 2, 2, 2])


def resnet34():
     # 通过调整模块内部BasicBlock的数量和配置实现不同的ResNet
    return ResNet([3, 4, 6, 3])

利用resnet18进行深度学习代码

import  tensorflow as tf
from    tensorflow.keras import layers, optimizers, datasets, Sequential
import  os
from    resnet import resnet18

os.environ['TF_CPP_MIN_LOG_LEVEL']='2'
tf.random.set_seed(2345)





def preprocess(x, y):
    # 将数据映射到-1~1
    x = 2*tf.cast(x, dtype=tf.float32) / 255. - 1
    y = tf.cast(y, dtype=tf.int32) # 类型转换
    return x,y


(x,y), (x_test, y_test) = datasets.cifar10.load_data() # 加载数据集
y = tf.squeeze(y, axis=1) # 删除不必要的维度
y_test = tf.squeeze(y_test, axis=1) # 删除不必要的维度
print(x.shape, y.shape, x_test.shape, y_test.shape)


train_db = tf.data.Dataset.from_tensor_slices((x,y)) # 构建训练集
# 随机打散，预处理，批量化
train_db = train_db.shuffle(1000).map(preprocess).batch(512)

test_db = tf.data.Dataset.from_tensor_slices((x_test,y_test)) #构建测试集
# 随机打散，预处理，批量化
test_db = test_db.map(preprocess).batch(512)
# 采样一个样本
sample = next(iter(train_db))
print('sample:', sample[0].shape, sample[1].shape,
      tf.reduce_min(sample[0]), tf.reduce_max(sample[0]))


def main():

    # [b, 32, 32, 3] => [b, 1, 1, 512]
    model = resnet18() # ResNet18网络
    model.build(input_shape=(None, 32, 32, 3))
    model.summary() # 统计网络参数
    optimizer = optimizers.Adam(lr=1e-4) # 构建优化器

    for epoch in range(100): # 训练epoch

        for step, (x,y) in enumerate(train_db):

            with tf.GradientTape() as tape:
                # [b, 32, 32, 3] => [b, 10],前向传播
                logits = model(x)
                # [b] => [b, 10],one-hot编码
                y_onehot = tf.one_hot(y, depth=10)
                # 计算交叉熵
                loss = tf.losses.categorical_crossentropy(y_onehot, logits, from_logits=True)
                loss = tf.reduce_mean(loss)
            # 计算梯度信息
            grads = tape.gradient(loss, model.trainable_variables)
            # 更新网络参数
            optimizer.apply_gradients(zip(grads, model.trainable_variables))

            if step %50 == 0:
                print(epoch, step, 'loss:', float(loss))



        total_num = 0
        total_correct = 0
        for x,y in test_db:

            logits = model(x)
            prob = tf.nn.softmax(logits, axis=1)
            pred = tf.argmax(prob, axis=1)
            pred = tf.cast(pred, dtype=tf.int32)

            correct = tf.cast(tf.equal(pred, y), dtype=tf.int32)
            correct = tf.reduce_sum(correct)

            total_num += x.shape[0]
            total_correct += int(correct)

        acc = total_correct / total_num
        print(epoch, 'acc:', acc)



if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

代码和示意图出处：

课时104 ResNet实战-1_哔哩哔哩_bilibili

 

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