js的继承

1.call()

能够传参构造函数，不能获取parent原型上的属性和方法

function Children(a, b){
    Parent.call(this, a, b);
}
Parent.prototype.c = 'c';
Parent.prototype.getC = function(){};
let children = new Children(a, b);
children.a // a
children.b // b
children.c // undefined
children.getC // 报错 not a Function

2.prototype

能够获取parent原型上的属性和方法，不能传参构造父类的属性值

function Children(c){
    this.c = c;
}
Parent.prototype.c = 'c';
Parent.prototype.getC = function(){};
let children = new Children(c);
children.a // a 不能传值构造
children.b // b 不能传值构造
children.c // c
children.getC // function

3.call() + prototype

能构造父类属性，也能拿到原型上的值，但是会构建2次实例，冗余

function Children(a, b, c){
    Parent.call(this, a, b); // 实例了一次
    this.c = c;
}
Parent.prototype.c = 'c';
Parent.prototype.getC = function(){};
Children.prototype = new Parent(); // 实例了一次
let children = new Children(c);
children.a // a 
children.b // b 
children.c // c
children.getC // function

4.拓展实例

能构造父类属性，也能拿到原型上的值，相当于是拓展了个Parent函数

function Children(a, b, c){
    let obj = new Parent(a, b);
    obj.c = c;
    return obj;
}
Parent.prototype.d = 'd';
Parent.prototype.getD = function(){};
let children = new Children(a, b, c);
children.a // a 
children.b // b 
children.c // c
children.d // d
children.getD // function

5.ES6 class extends

class继承是把父类的this实例出来然后子类继承父类的this，如果没调用super()，则子类没有this

class Children{
    constructor(a, b, c){
        super(a, b); // super后才会有this
        this.c = c;
    }
}
let children = new Children(a, b, c);
children.a // a 
children.b // b 
children.c // c