- 子查询
CREATE TABLE emp(
empno INT,
ename VARCHAR(50),
job VARCHAR(50),
mgr INT,
hiredate DATE,
sal DECIMAL(7,2),
comm DECIMAL(7,2),
deptno INT
) ;
INSERT INTO emp VALUES(7369,'SMITH','CLERK',7902,'1980-12-17',800,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES(7499,'ALLEN','SALESMAN',7698,'1981-02-20',1600,300,30);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES(7521,'WARD','SALESMAN',7698,'1981-02-22',1250,500,30);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES(7566,'JONES','MANAGER',7839,'1981-04-02',2975,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES(7654,'MARTIN','SALESMAN',7698,'1981-09-28',1250,1400,30);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES(7698,'BLAKE','MANAGER',7839,'1981-05-01',2850,NULL,30);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES(7782,'CLARK','MANAGER',7839,'1981-06-09',2450,NULL,10);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES(7788,'SCOTT','ANALYST',7566,'1987-04-19',3000,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES(7839,'KING','PRESIDENT',NULL,'1981-11-17',5000,NULL,10);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES(7844,'TURNER','SALESMAN',7698,'1981-09-08',1500,0,30);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES(7876,'ADAMS','CLERK',7788,'1987-05-23',1100,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES(7900,'JAMES','CLERK',7698,'1981-12-03',950,NULL,30);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES(7902,'FORD','ANALYST',7566,'1981-12-03',3000,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES(7934,'MILLER','CLERK',7782,'1982-01-23',1300,NULL,10);
CREATE TABLE dept(
deptno INT,
dname VARCHAR(14),
loc VARCHAR(13)
);
INSERT INTO dept VALUES(10, 'ACCOUNTING', 'NEW YORK');
INSERT INTO dept VALUES(20, 'RESEARCH', 'DALLAS');
INSERT INTO dept VALUES(30, 'SALES', 'CHICAGO');
INSERT INTO dept VALUES(40, 'OPERATIONS', 'BOSTON');
```sql
-- 单行子查询(> < >= <= = <>)
-- 查询出高于10号部门的平均工资的员工信息
SELECT * FROM emp WHERE sal >( SELECT AVG(sal) FROM emp WHERE deptno=10);
-- 多行子查询(in not in any all)
-- 查询出比10号部门任何员工薪资高的员工信息
any和some作用是一样的。
例如:
select…from…where c > any(…) 或者 select …from …where c > some(…)
表示c列中的值要大于子查询中的任意一个值,即必须要大于子查询集中的最小值。同理可以推出其它的比较运算符的情况。
SELECT * from emp where sal>any(SELECT sal FROM emp WHERE deptno=10) AND deptno!=10;
-- 多列子查询(实际使用较少)
-- 和10号部门同名同工作的员工信息
SELECT * FROM emp WHERE (ename,job)IN(SELECT ename,job FROM emp WHERE deptno=10) AND deptno!=10;
-- select 后面接子查询
-- 获取员工的名字和部门的名字
SELECT emp.ename,dept.dname from emp ,dept where emp.deptno=dept.deptno;
-- from 后面接子查询 ps:懵
-- 查询emp表中经理信息
SELECT * FROM emp e,(select mgr from emp) AS jingli WHERE e.empno=jingli.mgr;
-- where 后面接子查询
-- 薪资高于10号部门平均工资的所有员工信息
SELECT * FROM emp WHERE sal >( SELECT AVG(sal) FROM emp WHERE deptno=10);
-- group by 后面接子查询
-- 有哪些部门的平均工资高于30号部门的平均工资
select deptno,AVG(sal) from emp GROUP BY deptno HAVING AVG(sal)> (SELECT AVG(sal) from emp WHERE deptno=30);
-- 工资>JONES工资
-- 查询与SCOTT同一个部门的员工
SELECT * FROM emp WHERE deptno =(SELECT deptno FROM emp where ename="scott");
-- 工资高于30号部门所有人的员工信息
SELECT *from emp where sal > (SELECT max(sal) FROM emp where deptno=30);
-- 查询工作和工资与MARTIN完全相同的员工信息
SELECT job,sal FROM emp WHERE ename='MARTIN';
-- 有两个以上直接下属的员工信息
-- 查询员工编号为7788的员工名称,员工工资,部门名称,部门地址
```
- SQL查询的综合案例
1. 查询出高于本部门平均工资的员工信息
2. 列出达拉斯加工作的人中,比纽约平均工资高的人
3. 查询7369员工编号,姓名,经理编号和经理姓名
4. 查询出各个部门薪水最高的员工所有信息
#### 面试题
```sql
CREATE TABLE test(
NAME CHAR(20),
kecheng CHAR(20),
fenshu CHAR(20)
);
INSERT INTO test VALUES('张三','语文',81),
('张三','数学',75),
('李四','语文',76),
('李四','数学',90),
('王五','语文',81),
('王五','数学',82);
--请用一条Sql语句查处分数大于80的学生
SELECT DISTINCT NAME FROM test WHERE fenshu>80;