Day03-《Guide to Maritime Informatics》-Part I Maritime Data 1-1.2

1.2船舶自动识别系统

The Automatic Identification System

The Automatic Identification System (AIS) was originally conceived as a navigational safety system to support vessel traffic services (VTS) in ports and harbours, but soon after its adoption, and especially after the International Maritime Organization (IMO) mandated AIS transceivers to be installed on-board a significant number ofcommercial vessels, it became the most popular vessel tracking system.

船舶识别系统最初被认为是一种航行安全系统,用来支持港口的船舶交通管理系统。在引入该设备后不久,特别是在IMO批准在大量商船上安装AIS收发器之后,AI成为最受欢迎的船舶跟踪系统。

Port & Harbour

In the premises of a port you will usually find a lot of stacked shipping containers as well as lined up cranes.It differentiates from a harbour as it involves all the warehouses, container parks and wharves, whereas harbour is only the enclosed/protected water area.

我的简单理解,Port更多指装卸货物、停靠船舶的商业用途港口、人造的、用于国际贸易的,harbour天然的或人工修造的,一般用于“避风”(船舶躲避恶劣天气)

PortOVan

Capri harbor, Italy â by Adrian Pingstone

图1 温哥华港(Port Metro Vancouver)

图2卡普里岛(Capri harbor)

感兴趣的可以阅读以下文章

Port, harbour, dock, wharf, quay, pier, mole and jetty: fight! – Yada Yada Blah

1.2.1 AIS设备

AIS设备①船载(vessel station)②岸基(base station)③卫星AIS(AIS-SAT)

自2004年起,国际海事组织(IMO)要求所有在国际上航行的总吨位超过300吨的商船必须携带A级AIS应答器。符合要求的船舶(如小型船舶、游艇等)可配备B级AIS转发器。

AIS应答器有两个专用的信道,即AIS-1(161.975Mhz)和AIS(162.025Mhz)。

A类应答器使用自组织时分多址(SOTDMA)协议。

The SOTDMA protocol is based on the division of time in slots. More specifically, a second is divided into 2250 slots, which means that base stations can receive at most one transmission every 26.67 ms. Each vessel should reserve a dedicated time slot in order to transmit an AIS message so that no other vessel transmits at the same time.

SOTDMA协议基于时隙中的空间划分。更具体的说,一秒钟被划分为2250个时隙,这意味着基站最多可以每26.67毫秒接受一次传输。每个船只应只预留一个专用时隙,以便传输AIS信息,以便没有其他船只同时发送。

B类应答器使用CSTDMA(载波检测时分多址)协议,该协议通过优先考虑SOTDMA传输与A类传输交织

1.2.2 AIS 信息

ITU1371-4标准定义了64种不同类型的AIS信息

These include Types 1, 2, 3, 18, and 19 which are position reports, including latitude, longitude, speed-over-ground (SOG), course-over-ground (COG), and otherfields related to ship movement; while type 5 messages contain static-and-voyage information, which includes the IMO identifier, radio call sign (e.g., a unique designation for each radio station), ship name, ship dimensions,ship and cargo types. 

类型1,2,3,18和19对应位置报告,包括纬度,经度,对地航速(SOG),对地航向(COG)和其他与船舶运动相关的字段;

第5类报文信息包含静态信息,包括IMO号,无线电呼号、船名、船舶尺寸、船舶和货物类型

AIS信息可分为(i)动态信息(dynamic)(ii)静态信息。动态信息与航行有关的位置和状态数据。静态信息包含与船舶特性有关的数据。

1.2.3 动态AIS信息

动态AIS信息包含如下属性:

  1. Maritime Mobile Service Identity Number(MMSI).注意它不是船舶唯一的标识码,后面的章节会解释
  2. Rate of Turn

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