command,shell,raw,script模块的作用和区别,file模块,copy,fetch,synchronize的应用

1.command,shell,raw,script模块的作用和区别

command 模块：

command模块不是调用的shell的指令，所以没有bash的环境变量，也不能使用shell的一些操作方式，其他和shell没有区别

shell 模块：

shell模块 [执行远程主机的shell/python脚本] shell模块调用的/bin/sh指令执行，

raw 模块：

raw很多地方和shell类似，更多的地方建议使用shell和command模块。但是如果是使用老版本python，需要用到raw，又或者是客户端是路由器，因为没有安装python模块，那就需要使用raw模块了，支持管道传递

script 模块：

script模块 [在远程主机执行主控端的shell/python脚本 ] （使用相对路径）

command 模块的使用: 去执行一个脚本文件command.sh, command.sh文件的功能是echo “I am command module”

[root@node1 ~]# vim command.sh
echo "i am command module"
[root@node1 ~]# chmod +x command.sh 
[root@node1 ~]# ll command.sh 
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 27 Aug  7 22:29 command.sh
[root@server ~]# ansible node1.example.com -m command -a "sh /root/command.sh chdir=/root"
node1.example.com | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
i am command module                

shell模块执行命令 ls /root | grep txt raw模块执行pwd命令 script模块执行 script.sh文件，文件的内容为 echo “I am script module”

[root@server ~]# ansible node1.example.com -m shell -a "ls /root | grep cfg"
node1.example.com | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
anaconda-ks.cfg
initial-setup-ks.cfg

[root@server ~]# ansible node1.example.com -m raw -a "pwd"
node1.example.com | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
/root
Shared connection to node1.example.com closed.

[root@server ~]# vim script.sh
echo "I am script module"
[root@server ~]# chmod +x script.sh 
[root@server ~]# ansible node1.example.com -m script -a "script.sh chdir=/root"
node1.example.com | CHANGED => {
    "changed": true,
    "rc": 0,
    "stderr": "Shared connection to node1.example.com closed.\r\n",
    "stderr_lines": [
        "Shared connection to node1.example.com closed."
    ],
    "stdout": "i am script module\r\n",
    "stdout_lines": [
        "i am script module"
    ]
}

2.file模块：
创建文件，并指定用户，用户组为student， 且权限为600

[root@server ~]# ansible node2.example.com -m file -a "path=/root/file2 state=touch owner=student group=student mode=600 "
node2.example.com | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "dest": "/root/file2",
    "gid": 1001,
    "group": "student",
    "mode": "0600",
    "owner": "student",
    "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0",
    "size": 0,
    "state": "file",
    "uid": 1001
}

创建目录，并指定用户，用户组为student, 且权限为755

[root@server ~]# ansible node2.example.com -m file -a "path=/root/dir state=directory owner=student group=student mode=755 "
node2.example.com | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "gid": 1001,
    "group": "student",
    "mode": "0755",
    "owner": "student",
    "path": "/root/dir",
    "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0",
    "size": 6,
    "state": "directory",
    "uid": 1001
}

创建链接文件

[root@server ~]# ansible node2.example.com -m file -a "path=/root/file3 src=/root/file1 state=link"
node2.example.com | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "dest": "/root/file3",
    "gid": 0,
    "group": "root",
    "mode": "0777",
    "owner": "root",
    "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0",
    "size": 11,
    "src": "/root/file1",
    "state": "link",
    "uid": 0
}

删除第一个创建的文件

[root@server ~]# ansible node2.example.com -m file -a "path=/root/file1 state=absent"
node2.example.com | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "path": "/root/file1",
    "state": "absent"
}

3.copy
复制文件

[root@server ~]# ansible node2.example.com -m copy -a "src=/root/file1 dest=/root/"
node2.example.com | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "checksum": "da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709",
    "dest": "/root/file1",
    "gid": 0,
    "group": "root",
    "md5sum": "d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e",
    "mode": "0644",
    "owner": "root",
    "secontext": "system_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0",
    "size": 0,
    "src": "/home/student/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1659622665.9384096-11300-258171013076166/source",
    "state": "file",
    "uid": 0
}

复制目录

[root@server ~]# ansible node2.example.com -m copy -a "src=/root/dir1 dest=/root/"
node2.example.com | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": false,
    "dest": "/root/",
    "src": "/root/dir1"
}

4.fetch
从被控制主机上取文件

[root@server ~]# ansible node2.example.com -m fetch -a "src=/root/file1 dest=/root/ flat=yes"
node2.example.com | CHANGED => {
    "changed": true,
    "checksum": "e5fa44f2b31c1fb553b6021e7360d07d5d91ff5e",
    "dest": "/root/file1",
    "md5sum": "b026324c6904b2a9cb4b88d6d61c81d1",
    "remote_checksum": "e5fa44f2b31c1fb553b6021e7360d07d5d91ff5e",
    "remote_md5sum": null
}

5.synchronize
pull: 从被控制主机上拉取目录

[root@server ~]# ansible node2.example.com -m synchronize -a "src=/root/file3 dest=/root/ mode=pull"
node2.example.com | CHANGED => {
    "changed": true,
    "cmd": "/usr/bin/rsync --delay-updates -F --compress --archive --rsh='/usr/bin/ssh -S none -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null' --rsync-path='sudo -u root rsync' --out-format='<<CHANGED>>%i %n%L' student@node2.example.com:/root/file3 /root/",
    "msg": "cL+++++++++ file3 -> /root/file1\n",
    "rc": 0,
    "stdout_lines": [
        "cL+++++++++ file3 -> /root/file1"
    ]
}

push：往被控制主机上推送目录

[root@server ~]# ansible node2.example.com -m synchronize -a "src=/root/file2 dest=/root/ mode=push"
node2.example.com | CHANGED => {
    "changed": true,
    "cmd": "/usr/bin/rsync --delay-updates -F --compress --archive --rsh='/usr/bin/ssh -S none -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null' --rsync-path='sudo -u root rsync' --out-format='<<CHANGED>>%i %n%L' /root/file2 student@node2.example.com:/root/",
    "msg": "<f+++++++++ file2 \n",
    "rc": 0,
    "stdout_lines": [
        "<f+++++++++ file2 "
    ]
}