LNMP部署

LNMP部署

简介

LNMP代表的就是：Linux系统下Nginx+MySQL+PHP这种网站服务器架构

• Nginx是一个高性能的HTTP和 反向代理服务器，也是一个IMAP/POP3/SMTP代理服务器。

• Mysql是一个小型 关系型数据库管理系统。

• PHP是一种在服务器端执行的嵌入HTML文档的 脚本语言。

这四种软件均为免费 开源软件，组合到一起，成为一个免费、高效、扩展性强的网站服务系统。

Nginx是一个小巧而高效的Linux下的Web 服务器软件，是由 Igor Sysoev 为俄罗斯访问量第二的 Rambler 站点开发的，已经在一些俄罗斯的大型网站上运行多年，相当的稳定。

Nginx性能稳定、功能丰富、运维简单、处理 静态文件速度快且消耗 系统资源极少。

作为 Web 服务器：相比 Apache，Nginx 使用更少的资源，支持更多的 并发连接，体现更高的效率。

作为 负载均衡服务器：Nginx 既可以在内部直接支持 Rails 和 PHP，也可以支持作为 HTTP 代理服务器对外进行服务。Nginx 用C编写，不论是系统资源开销还是CPU使用效率都比Perlbal要好的多。

作为邮件代理服务器：Nginx同时也是一个非常优秀的邮件代理服务器（最早开发这个产品的目的之一也是作为邮件代理服务器），Last/fm 描述了成功并且美妙的使用经验。

Nginx 安装非常的简单，配置文件非常简洁（还能够支持 perl语法）。Nginx支持平滑加载新的配置，还能够在不间断服务的情况下进行软件版本的升级。

环境说明：

使用的系统平台	IP	需要安装的服务
CentOS8	192.168.220.9	nginx-1.20.1.tar.gz mysql-5.7.34 php-8.0.10

nginx部署

安装依赖包和工具包

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel gd-devel gcc gcc-c++ make wget
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y group mark install "Development Tools"

创建用户

[root@localhost ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx

创建日志存放目录

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /var/log/nginx -p

下载nginx，解压

[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/src/soft/
[root@localhost soft]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.20.1.tar.gz
[root@localhost soft]# ls
nginx-1.20.1.tar.gz

[root@localhost soft]# tar xf nginx-1.20.1.tar.gz -C /usr/local
[root@localhost soft]# cd /usr/local/
[root@localhost local]# ls
bin  games    lib    libexec   sbin   src
etc  include  lib64  mysql    nginx-1.20.1                         share

编译安装

[root@localhost nginx-1.20.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-debug --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_image_filter_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_stub_status_module --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log
.......
checking for OS
 + Linux 4.18.0-257.el8.x86_64 x86_64
checking for C compiler ... found
......
nginx http proxy temporary files: "proxy_temp"
  nginx http fastcgi temporary files: "fastcgi_temp"
  nginx http uwsgi temporary files: "uwsgi_temp"
  nginx http scgi temporary files: "scgi_temp"
  
  [root@localhost nginx-1.20.1]# make && make install

安装后配置

配置环境变量

[root@localhost local]# nginx
-bash: nginx: command not found
[root@localhost local]# echo "export PATH=/usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATH" > /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh
[root@localhost local]# bash
[root@localhost local]# which nginx
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

启动nginx

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State    Recv-Q    Send-Q       Local Address:Port       Peer Address:Port   Process   
LISTEN   0         128                0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*                
LISTEN   0         128                0.0.0.0:80(nginx端口)              0.0.0.0:*                
LISTEN   0         128                   [::]:22                 [::]:*

给nginx配置开机自启

[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginxd.service
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginxd.service
[Unit]
Description=nginx server daemon
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
ExecStop=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
KillMode=process

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl daemon-reload          # 重新加载
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now nginxd    # 启动nginx并设置开机自启
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginxd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginxd.service.

MySQL部署

下载mysql

https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/file/mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

将其上传到/usr/src目录下

[root@localhost src]# ls
debug  kernels  mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

创建用户和组

[root@localhost src]# groupadd -r mysql
[root@localhost src]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql mysql

将其解压到/usr/local/目录下

[root@localhost src]# tar xf mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz  -C /usr/local/
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@localhost local]# ls
bin  games    lib    libexec                              sbin   src
etc  include  lib64  mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64  share

创建软连接

[root@localhost local]# ln -s mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
[root@localhost local]# ll
total 0
......
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root  35 Aug 25 08:33 mysql -> mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 129 Aug 25 08:32 mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64

修改目录/usr/local/mysql的属主属组

[root@localhost local]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql*
[root@localhost local]# ll
total 0
.......
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql  35 Aug 25 08:33 mysql -> mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x. 9 mysql mysql 129 Aug 25 08:32 mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64

添加环境变量

[root@localhost ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@localhost ~]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin

建立数据存放目录

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /opt/data
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/data
[root@localhost ~]# ll /opt/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 6 Aug 25 08:48 data

初始化数据库

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/opt/data/
2021-10-26T15:50:24.131273Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2021-10-26T15:53:24.270072Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2021-10-26T15:53:25.295810Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2021-10-26T15:53:25.352039Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 03d19f26-05a3-11ec-bf6e-000c29bb4cb2.
2021-10-26T15:53:25.352561Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2021-10-26T15:53:25.039258Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2021-10-26T15:53:25.357745Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: gr;JyBKJF3(u
//请注意，这个命令的最后会生成一个临时密码，此处密码是 gr;JyBKJF3(u
//再次注意，这个密码是随机的，每个人都不一样，一定要记住这个密码，因为一会登录时会用到
//将临时密码写入到一个文件里，等下会用到
[root@localhost ~]# echo "gr;JyBKJF3(u" > passwd
[root@localhost ~]# cat passwd 
gr;JyBKJF3(u

查看是否缺少依赖包

[root@localhost ~]# ldd /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql(ldd是看某一个程序文件它所依赖的包，如果没有，就不能用，就需要用yum安装,查找哪个包提供的（yum whatprovides pkgs_name）)
        linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007ffdf09ea000)
        libpthread.so.0 => /lib64/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007fdfeb8dd000)
        librt.so.1 => /lib64/librt.so.1 (0x00007fdfeb6d4000)
        libdl.so.2 => /lib64/libdl.so.2 (0x00007fdfeb4d0000)
        libncurses.so.5 => /lib64/libncurses.so.5 (0x00007fdfeb2aa000)
        libstdc++.so.6 => /lib64/libstdc++.so.6 (0x00007fdfeaf15000)
        libm.so.6 => /lib64/libm.so.6 (0x00007fdfeab93000)
        libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib64/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00007fdfea97b000)
        libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x00007fdfea5b9000)
        libtinfo.so.5 => /lib64/libtinfo.so.5 (0x00007fdfea38e000)
        /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007fdfebafd000)

生成配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# cat > /etc/my.cnf <<EOF
> [mysqld]
> basedir = /usr/local/mysql
> datadir = /opt/data
> socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
> port = 3306
> pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
> user = mysql
> skip-name-resolve
> EOF

修改配置文件

[root@localhost support-files]# pwd
/usr/local/mysql/support-files
[root@localhost support-files]# vim mysql.server
 44 # overwritten by settings in the MySQL configuration files.
 45 
 46 basedir=/usr/local/mysql   # 安装mysql的位置
 47 datadir=/opt/data          # 数据存放的位置

使用脚本控制服务启动

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/opt/data/localhost.localdomain.err'.
SUCCESS! 
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State    Recv-Q   Send-Q     Local Address:Port     Peer Address:Port   
LISTEN   0        128              0.0.0.0:22            0.0.0.0:*      
LISTEN   0        80                     *:3306                *:*      

尝试登录数据库

[root@localhost ~]# cat passwd 
gr;JyBKJF3(u
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p'gr;JyBKJF3(u'
mysql: error while loading shared libraries: libncurses.so.5: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory   # 提示没有 "libncurses.so.5"

[root@localhost ~]# yum whatprovides libncurses.so.5  # 查找并安装
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:52 ago on Wed Aug 25 09:25:55 2021.
ncurses-compat-libs-6.1-7.20180224.el8.i686 : Ncurses compatibility libraries
Repo        : baseos
Matched from:
Provide    : libncurses.so.5

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install ncurses-compat-libs   # 安装
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
.....

再次登录并修改密码

# 登录
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p'gr;JyBKJF3(u'       
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.34

Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> set password = password('redhat');            #修改密码
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -predhat           # 使用修改后的密码登录成功
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.34 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

配置启动脚本

# 找一个文件修改
[root@localhost system]# pwd
/usr/lib/systemd/system
[root@localhost system]# cp sshd.service mysqld.service  # 复制一份内容sshd.service到mysqld.service

[root@localhost system]# cat mysqld.service             # 修改完成后
[Unit]
Description=mysql server daemon                         # mysql服务器守护程序
After=network.target                                    # 网络之后启动

[Service]
Type=forking                                            # 类型为forking(分叉)
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start # 启动服务的脚本的绝对路径
ExecStop=/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server stop   # 停止服务的脚本的绝对路径
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID                  # 重新加载,发送信号

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

重新加载后启动

[root@localhost system]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@localhost system]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@localhost system]# ss -antl
State            Recv-Q          Send-Q       Local Address:Port                 Peer Address:Port                
LISTEN                0          128         0.0.0.0:22                           0.0.0.0:*                  LISTEN   0         128                       0.0.0.0:80                           0.0.0.0:*  
LISTEN                0           80           *:3306                              *:*                   
LISTEN                0           128           [::]:22                           [::]:*    

[root@localhost system]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - mysql server daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Wed 2021-08-25 09:56:30 EDT; 12s ago

PHP部署

安装php

下载依托源

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install epel-release

下载依赖包

yum -y install sqlite-devel libzip-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel openssl openssl-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel libcurl libcurl-devel libicu-devel  libjpeg-turbo libjpeg-turbo-devel libpng libpng-devel openldap-devel pcre-devel freetype freetype-devel gmp gmp-devel libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel readline readline-devel libxslt libxslt-devel mhash mhash-devel
yum -y install http://mirror.centos.org/centos/8-stream/PowerTools/x86_64/os/Packages/oniguruma-devel-6.8.2-2.el8.x86_64.rpm

下载php

官网是php.net

[root@localhost ~]# wget https://www.php.net/distributions/php-8.0.10.tar.gz

解压

[root@localhost]# ls 
php-8.0.10.tar.gz
[root@localhost]# tar xf php-8.0.10.tar.gz 

编译安装php

[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/php-8.0.10/
[root@localhost php-8.0.10]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php8  \
--with-config-file-path=/etc \
--enable-fpm \
--disable-debug \
--disable-rpath \
--enable-shared \
--enable-soap \
--with-openssl \
--enable-bcmath \
--with-iconv \
--with-bz2 \
--enable-calendar \
--with-curl \
--enable-exif  \
--enable-ftp \
--enable-gd \
--with-jpeg \
--with-zlib-dir \
--with-freetype \
--with-gettext \
--enable-mbstring \
--enable-pdo \
--with-mysqli=mysqlnd \
--with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \
--with-readline \
--enable-shmop \
--enable-simplexml \
--enable-sockets \
--with-zip \
--enable-mysqlnd-compression-support \
--with-pear \
--enable-pcntl \
--enable-posix
....
--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| License:                                                           |
| This software is subject to the PHP License, available in this     |
| distribution in the file LICENSE. By continuing this installation  |
| process, you are bound by the terms of this license agreement.     |
| If you do not agree with the terms of this license, you must abort |
| the installation process at this point.                            |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+

Thank you for using PHP.

[root@localhost php-8.0.10]# make
[root@localhost php-8.0.10]# make install

添加环境变量

[root@localhost ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/php8/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/php.sh
[root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile.d/php.sh

配置php-fpm

[root@localhost ~]# cd php-8.0.10
[root@localhost php-8.0.10]# cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini
cp: overwrite '/etc/php.ini'? y
[root@localhost php-8.0.10]# cd sapi/
[root@localhost sapi]# cd fpm/
[root@localhost fpm]# cp init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[root@localhost fpm]# pwd
/root/php-8.0.10/sapi/fpm
[root@localhost fpm]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm

[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/php8/
[root@localhost php8]# ls
bin  etc  include  lib  php  sbin  var
[root@localhost php8]# cd etc/
[root@localhost etc]# cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
[root@localhost etc]# ls
pear.conf  php-fpm.conf  php-fpm.conf.default  php-fpm.d
[root@localhost etc]# cd php-fpm.d
[root@localhost php-fpm.d]# ls
www.conf.default
[root@localhost php-fpm.d]# cp www.conf.default www.conf
[root@localhost php-fpm.d]# ls
www.conf  www.conf.default

[root@localhost ~]# service php-fpm start   # 启动PHP
Starting php-fpm  done

[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State            Recv-Q           Send-Q                       Local Address:Port                       Peer Address:Port           Process           
LISTEN           0                128                              127.0.0.1:9000                            0.0.0.0:*                                
LISTEN           0                128                                0.0.0.0:80                              0.0.0.0:*                                
LISTEN           0                128                                0.0.0.0:22                              0.0.0.0:*                                
LISTEN           0                80                                       *:3306                                  *:*                                
LISTEN           0                128                                   [::]:22                                 [::]:*

nginx配置支持PHP

[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/
[root@localhost conf]# vim nginx.conf
........
 46         location / {
 47             root   html;
 48             index  index.html index.php index.htm;   # 添加index.php 
 49         }
.......
 68         location ~ \.php$ {
 69             root           html;
 70             fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
 71             fastcgi_index  index.php;
 72             fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $Document_Root$fastcgi_script_name;  # 修改
 73             include        fastcgi_params;
 74        }
.......


[root@localhost conf]# nginx -t   # 检查配置文件/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 修改是否正确
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost conf]# nginx -s reload   # 重新加载配置文件/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

添加php文件

[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/html/
[root@localhost html]# ll
total 12
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 494 Oct 26 00:49 50x.html
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 612 Oct 26 00:49 index.html

[root@localhost html]# vim index.php 
[root@localhost html]# cat index.php 
<?php
        phpinfo();
?>

[root@localhost ~]# nginx -s reload           # 重新加载
[root@localhost ~]# service php-fpm restart   # 重启php
Gracefully shutting down php-fpm . done
Starting php-fpm  done

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