5、GoogLenet网络详解及代码构建

前言

记录一下自己学习的过程，内容主要来自于B站的一位up主，在此非常感谢他无私的奉献精神。看到他的视频请一键三连！

• up主的B站链接：https://space.bilibili.com/18161609/channel/series
• up主的csdn链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_37541097?type=blog
• up主的github链接：https://github.com/WZMIAOMIAO/deep-learning-for-image-processing

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1 GoogLeNet详解

GoogLeNet在2014年由Google团队提出，斩获当年ImageNet竞赛中Classification Task (分类任务) 第一名。
网络中的亮点：

• 引入了Inception结构（融合不同尺度的特征信息）。
• 使用1x1的卷积核进行降维以及映射处理。
• 添加两个辅助分类器帮助训练。
• 丢弃全连接层，使用平均池化层（大大减少模型参数）。

1.1 Inception结构

在我们前面学习到的网络如AlexNet、VGG等都是通过一系列卷积、池化操作得到的串行网络结构，但是在GoogLeNet中提出了一种并行的Inception结构。
下图(a)是Inception原始结构，图(b)是加了1×1卷积核降维后的结构。无论哪一种结构，每个分支所得的特征矩阵高和宽必须相同，这样我们才可以在channel维度上进行拼接。

1×1卷积降维
由下面计算结果我们可以看出来，当我们不使用1×1卷积核降维的时候，计算量是819200，而使用了1×1卷积核降维后的计算量是50688，计算量大大减少。

1.2 辅助分类器

在GoogLeNet中存在两个辅助分类器，第一个辅助分类器的输入是Inception4a的输出，大小为14×14×512，第二个辅助分类器的输入是Inception4d的输出，大小为14×14×528。
辅助分类器主要由以下几部分构成。

• 1、平均池化，池化核大小为5×5，stride=3，所以前面两个输入经过平均池化后输出的大小分别为4×4×512，4×4×528。
• 2、卷积 128个1×1的卷积核。后面加上ReLu激活函数。
• 3、全连接 1024个节点，后面加上ReLu激活函数，还有Dropout(p=0.7)。
• 4、全连接层 1000个节点（分类类别）。
• 5、softmax
  
  GoogLeNet各个层参数
  通过下表我们可以详细的直到GoogLeNet中每个层的参数。
  
  

GoogLeNet和VGG参数量对比

2 model.py

• torch.cat()的使用方法
  torch.cat()的作用就是将给定的tensor在指定维度进行拼接，除了拼接维度之外的shape必须相同。支持的输入可以是列表list或者元组tuple。

• nn.MaxPool2d()
  在nn.MaxPool2d()中参数ceil_mode的作用，当为True的时候，在计算输出特征矩阵的时候会向上取整，默认为False，向下取整。

• nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d() 自适应平均池化，参数output_size为输出指定H × W，可以是一个元组(H, W)，或是一个单独的H，输出大小为H × H。

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F



class GoogLeNet(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, num_classes=1000, aux_logits=True, init_weights=False):
        super(GoogLeNet, self).__init__()
        self.aux_logits = aux_logits
        self.conv1 = BasicConv2d(3, 64, kernel_size=7, stride=2, padding=3)
        self.maxpool1 = nn.MaxPool2d(3, stride=3, ceil_mode=True)

        self.conv2 = BasicConv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=1)
        self.conv3 = BasicConv2d(64, 192, kernel_size=3, padding=1)
        self.maxpool2 = nn.MaxPool2d(3, stride=2, ceil_mode=True)

        self.inception3a = Inception(192, 64, 96, 128, 16, 32, 32)
        self.inception3b = Inception(256, 128, 128, 192, 32, 96, 64)
        self.maxpool3 = nn.MaxPool2d(3, stride=2, ceil_mode=True)

        self.inception4a = Inception(480, 192, 96, 208, 16, 48, 64)
        self.inception4b = Inception(512, 160, 112, 224, 24, 64, 64)
        self.inception4c = Inception(512, 128, 128, 256, 24, 64, 64)
        self.inception4d = Inception(512, 112, 144, 288, 32, 64, 64)
        self.inception4e = Inception(528, 256, 160, 320, 32, 128, 128)
        self.maxpool4 = nn.MaxPool2d(3, stride=2, ceil_mode=True)

        self.inception5a = Inception(832, 256, 160, 320, 32, 128, 128)
        self.inception5b = Inception(832, 384, 192, 384, 48, 128, 128)
        # 定义两个辅助分类器
        if self.aux_logits:
            self.aux1 = InceptionAux(512, num_classes)
            self.aux2 = InceptionAux(528, num_classes)

        self.avgpool = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d((1, 1))
        self.dropout = nn.Dropout(0.4)
        self.fc = nn.Linear(1024, num_classes)
        if init_weights:
            self._initialize_weights()

    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.conv1(x)
        x = self.maxpool1(x)
        x = self.conv2(x)
        x = self.conv3(x)
        x = self.maxpool2(x)

        x = self.inception3a(x)
        x = self.inception3b(x)
        x = self.maxpool3(x)
        x = self.inception4a(x)
        if self.training and self.aux_logits:
            aux1 = self.aux1(x)

        x = self.inception4b(x)
        x = self.inception4c(x)
        x = self.inception4d(x)
        if self.training and self.aux_logits:
            aux2 = self.aux2(x)

        x = self.inception4e(x)
        x = self.maxpool4(x)
        x = self.inception5a(x)
        x = self.inception5b(x)

        x = self.avgpool(x)
        x = torch.flatten(x, 1)
        x = self.dropout(x)
        if self.training and self.aux_logits:
            return x, aux1, aux2
        return x

    def _initialize_weights(self):
        for m in self.modules():
            if isinstance(m, nn.Conv2d):
                nn.init.kaiming_normal_(m.weight, mode='fan_out', nonlinearity='relu')
                if m.bias is not None:
                    nn.init.constant_(m.bias, 0)
            elif isinstance(m, nn.Linear):
                nn.init.normal_(m.weight, 0, 0.01)
                nn.init.constant_(m.bias, 0)


class Inception(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, in_channels, ch1x1, ch3x3red, ch3x3, ch5x5red, ch5x5, pool_proj):
        super(Inception, self).__init__()
        self.branch1 = BasicConv2d(in_channels, ch1x1, kernel_size=1)
        self.branch2 = nn.Sequential(
            BasicConv2d(in_channels, ch3x3red, kernel_size=1),
            BasicConv2d(ch3x3red, ch3x3, kernel_size=3, padding=1)
        )
        self.branch3 = nn.Sequential(
            BasicConv2d(in_channels, ch5x5red, kernel_size=1),
            # 在官方的实现中，其实是3x3的kernel并不是5x5，这里我也懒得改了，具体可以参考下面的issue
            # Please see https://github.com/pytorch/vision/issues/906 for details.
            BasicConv2d(ch5x5red, ch5x5, kernel_size=5, padding=2)  # 保证输出大小等于输入大小
        )
        self.branch4 = nn.Sequential(
            nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1),
            BasicConv2d(in_channels, pool_proj, kernel_size=1)
        )

    def forward(self, x):
        branch1 = self.branch1(x)
        branch2 = self.branch2(x)
        branch3 = self.branch3(x)
        branch4 = self.branch4(x)
        outputs = [branch1, branch2, branch3, branch4]
        return torch.cat(outputs, 1)


class InceptionAux(nn.Module):
    def __int__(self, in_channels, num_classes):
        super(InceptionAux, self).__init()
        self.averagePool = nn.AvgPool2d(kernel_size=5, stride=3)
        # output aux1: 4x4x512 aux2: 4x4x528
        self.conv = BasicConv2d(in_channels, 128, kernel_size=1)
        # output 4x4x128
        self.fc1 = nn.Linear(2048, 1024)
        self.fc2 = nn.Linear(1024, num_classes)

    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.averagePool(x)
        x = self.conv(x)
        x = torch.flatten(x, 1)
        x = F.dropout(x, 0.5, training=self.training)
        x = F.relu(self.fc1(x), inplace=True)
        x = F.dropout(x, 0.5, training=self.training)
        x = self.fc2(x)
        return x


class BasicConv2d(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, **kwargs):
        super(BasicConv2d, self).__init__()
        self.conv = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, **kwargs)
        self.relu = nn.ReLU(True)

    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.conv(x)
        x = self.relu(x)
        return x

3 train.py

相较于前面VGG,AlexNet训练代码，GoogLeNet的训练代码稍有不同，因为GoogLeNet有两个辅助分类器。
代码不同的部分如下：

# 此处的logits, aux_logits2, aux_logits1正好对应model中的x, aux2, aux1
logits, aux_logits2, aux_logits1 = net(images.to(device))
loss0 = loss_function(logits, labels.to(device))
loss1 = loss_function(aux_logits1, labels.to(device))
loss2 = loss_function(aux_logits2, labels.to(device))
loss = loss0 + loss1 * 0.3 + loss2 * 0.3

import os
import sys
import json

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torchvision import transforms, datasets
import torch.optim as optim
from tqdm import tqdm

from model import GoogLeNet


def main():
    device = torch.device("cuda:0" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
    print("using {} device.".format(device))

    data_transform = {
        "train": transforms.Compose([transforms.RandomResizedCrop(224),
                                     transforms.RandomHorizontalFlip(),
                                     transforms.ToTensor(),
                                     transforms.Normalize((0.5, 0.5, 0.5), (0.5, 0.5, 0.5))]),
        "val": transforms.Compose([transforms.Resize((224, 224)),
                                   transforms.ToTensor(),
                                   transforms.Normalize((0.5, 0.5, 0.5), (0.5, 0.5, 0.5))])}

    data_root = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), "../.."))  # get data root path
    image_path = os.path.join(data_root, "data_set", "flower_data")  # flower data set path
    assert os.path.exists(image_path), "{} path does not exist.".format(image_path)
    train_dataset = datasets.ImageFolder(root=os.path.join(image_path, "train"),
                                         transform=data_transform["train"])
    train_num = len(train_dataset)

    # {'daisy':0, 'dandelion':1, 'roses':2, 'sunflower':3, 'tulips':4}
    flower_list = train_dataset.class_to_idx
    cla_dict = dict((val, key) for key, val in flower_list.items())
    # write dict into json file
    json_str = json.dumps(cla_dict, indent=4)
    with open('class_indices.json', 'w') as json_file:
        json_file.write(json_str)

    batch_size = 32
    nw = min([os.cpu_count(), batch_size if batch_size > 1 else 0, 8])  # number of workers
    print('Using {} dataloader workers every process'.format(nw))

    train_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(train_dataset,
                                               batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True,
                                               num_workers=nw)

    validate_dataset = datasets.ImageFolder(root=os.path.join(image_path, "val"),
                                            transform=data_transform["val"])
    val_num = len(validate_dataset)
    validate_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(validate_dataset,
                                                  batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=False,
                                                  num_workers=nw)

    print("using {} images for training, {} images for validation.".format(train_num,
                                                                           val_num))

    # test_data_iter = iter(validate_loader)
    # test_image, test_label = test_data_iter.next()

    net = GoogLeNet(num_classes=5, aux_logits=True, init_weights=True)
    # 如果要使用官方的预训练权重，注意是将权重载入官方的模型，不是我们自己实现的模型
    # 官方的模型中使用了bn层以及改了一些参数，不能混用
    # import torchvision
    # net = torchvision.models.googlenet(num_classes=5)
    # model_dict = net.state_dict()
    # # 预训练权重下载地址: https://download.pytorch.org/models/googlenet-1378be20.pth
    # pretrain_model = torch.load("googlenet.pth")
    # del_list = ["aux1.fc2.weight", "aux1.fc2.bias",
    #             "aux2.fc2.weight", "aux2.fc2.bias",
    #             "fc.weight", "fc.bias"]
    # pretrain_dict = {k: v for k, v in pretrain_model.items() if k not in del_list}
    # model_dict.update(pretrain_dict)
    # net.load_state_dict(model_dict)
    net.to(device)
    loss_function = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
    optimizer = optim.Adam(net.parameters(), lr=0.0003)

    epochs = 30
    best_acc = 0.0
    save_path = './googleNet.pth'
    train_steps = len(train_loader)
    for epoch in range(epochs):
        # train
        net.train()
        running_loss = 0.0
        train_bar = tqdm(train_loader, file=sys.stdout)
        for step, data in enumerate(train_bar):
            images, labels = data
            optimizer.zero_grad()
            logits, aux_logits2, aux_logits1 = net(images.to(device))
            loss0 = loss_function(logits, labels.to(device))
            loss1 = loss_function(aux_logits1, labels.to(device))
            loss2 = loss_function(aux_logits2, labels.to(device))
            loss = loss0 + loss1 * 0.3 + loss2 * 0.3
            loss.backward()
            optimizer.step()

            # print statistics
            running_loss += loss.item()

            train_bar.desc = "train epoch[{}/{}] loss:{:.3f}".format(epoch + 1,
                                                                     epochs,
                                                                     loss)

        # validate
        net.eval()
        acc = 0.0  # accumulate accurate number / epoch
        with torch.no_grad():
            val_bar = tqdm(validate_loader, file=sys.stdout)
            for val_data in val_bar:
                val_images, val_labels = val_data
                outputs = net(val_images.to(device))  # eval model only have last output layer
                predict_y = torch.max(outputs, dim=1)[1]
                acc += torch.eq(predict_y, val_labels.to(device)).sum().item()

        val_accurate = acc / val_num
        print('[epoch %d] train_loss: %.3f  val_accuracy: %.3f' %
              (epoch + 1, running_loss / train_steps, val_accurate))

        if val_accurate > best_acc:
            best_acc = val_accurate
            torch.save(net.state_dict(), save_path)

    print('Finished Training')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

4 predict.py

同样的，预测部分的代码也稍有不同，因为在net.eval()下我们不需要两个辅助分类器，所以我们做些许改动。

    # load model weights
    weights_path = "./googleNet.pth"
    assert os.path.exists(weights_path), "file: '{}' dose not exist.".format(weights_path)
    # 这是因为在net.eval()作用下两个辅助分类器不起作用。
    missing_keys, unexpected_keys = model.load_state_dict(torch.load(weights_path, map_location=device),
                                                          strict=False)

import os
import json

import torch
from PIL import Image
from torchvision import transforms
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

from model import GoogLeNet


def main():
    device = torch.device("cuda:0" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")

    data_transform = transforms.Compose(
        [transforms.Resize((224, 224)),
         transforms.ToTensor(),
         transforms.Normalize((0.5, 0.5, 0.5), (0.5, 0.5, 0.5))])

    # load image
    img_path = "../tulip.jpg"
    assert os.path.exists(img_path), "file: '{}' dose not exist.".format(img_path)
    img = Image.open(img_path)
    plt.imshow(img)
    # [N, C, H, W]
    img = data_transform(img)
    # expand batch dimension
    img = torch.unsqueeze(img, dim=0)

    # read class_indict
    json_path = './class_indices.json'
    assert os.path.exists(json_path), "file: '{}' dose not exist.".format(json_path)

    with open(json_path, "r") as f:
        class_indict = json.load(f)

    # create model
    model = GoogLeNet(num_classes=5, aux_logits=False).to(device)

    # load model weights
    weights_path = "./googleNet.pth"
    assert os.path.exists(weights_path), "file: '{}' dose not exist.".format(weights_path)
    # 这是因为在net.eval()作用下两个辅助分类器不起作用。
    missing_keys, unexpected_keys = model.load_state_dict(torch.load(weights_path, map_location=device),
                                                          strict=False)

    model.eval()
    with torch.no_grad():
        # predict class
        output = torch.squeeze(model(img.to(device))).cpu()
        predict = torch.softmax(output, dim=0)
        predict_cla = torch.argmax(predict).numpy()

    print_res = "class: {}   prob: {:.3}".format(class_indict[str(predict_cla)],
                                                 predict[predict_cla].numpy())
    plt.title(print_res)
    for i in range(len(predict)):
        print("class: {:10}   prob: {:.3}".format(class_indict[str(i)],
                                                  predict[i].numpy()))
    plt.show()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()